【正文】 = Abs. Sample F. (7) (2) Kiic mode: Concentration (U/L)=ΔAbs ./ Min( Conc. of Standard/Abs/min of Standard) (8) Or =ΔAbs / MinF. (3) Fixedtime mode: Concentration (U/L)=ΔAbs( Conc. of Standard/Abs/min of Standard) (9) Or =ΔAbsF. 17 Figure 6: Flow diagram of system software. Where F = . 106/(. Absorptivity P) (10) . is total reaction volume, . is sample volume, P is path length in cm, Abs. is absorbance, Conc. is concentration, and Min. is minute. . System software The layout of the steps followed in the development of the software of the instrument has been provided in the flow chart shown in Figures 6 and 7. On the basis of this flow diagram, system software has been developed using “C” cross piler [7, 8] for Intel 8031 microcontroller in modular form. System software is menu driven and user friendly. Many advance features have been incorporated in the software for fast and robust operation. The main program calls the subfunctions and executes them accordingly. Systemsoftware is stored in the system EPROM. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this system, the programming, reading, and reporting operations are easy and user friendly. The 18 instrument is provided with a keyboard which facilitates quick change from one function to another and setting of parameters which can be monitored on LCD with both alphanumeric as well as graphics capabilities without going through plex sequential operations. Printer in the system is used for test reports of the patients. The system was clinically evaluated successfully over 1000 blood samples at the Department of Biochemistry, GovernmentMedical College amp。 a light source, an optical module, a filter wheel, a quartz cuvette with reaction mixture, a photo detector, and signal processing circuitry based on microcontroller. Overall systemdesign is shown in Figure 4. The block diagram can be subdivided into the following major parts: (i) the microcontroller and memories, (ii) peripherals and interfaces. System design is based around 80C31 microcontroller [4] connected through address bus, data bus, and control bus to the 64 kbytes of EPROM 27C512 for monitor and control program, 24 kbytes of RAM with battery backup for temporary data storage, 24hour results storage capacity, and peripheral I/O devices 8255 s are used for interfacing 32key keyboard, 12bit A/D converter, 40 column thermal mini printer, and 30 characters 8 lines alphanumeric/graphic LCD display. Alphanumeric keyboard contains various function keys, numeric keys and aspirate and RESET key for selecting various functions of the system and parameter LCD is used for displaying date and time by realtime clock, various menus, parameters and data entered from keyboard as well as patient’s results and kiic graphs as required in some test parameters. 12bit A/D converter converts analog signal from photo detector and preamplifier into digital form. 40 column thermal mini printer is used for hard copy of the parameters stored, patient test results, collection report, and kiic graphs as displayed on the LCD. These graphs facilitate authenticity of the test results. (iii) Peltierbased temperature controller System developed is used to determine both enzyme activity and substrate concentration in biological fluids at different temperatures 25 176。 該實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行測(cè)試的工具包括多功能的分析，靈活的軟件和處理的樣品。自動(dòng)化臨床文書帶來(lái)了 一場(chǎng)醫(yī)療儀器領(lǐng)域的革命。因此，一定強(qiáng)度的入射光通過有色溶 液，由透射光可以說明物質(zhì)的濃度，如圖 1 和圖 2 所示 ： 21 圖 1: Lambert and Beer’s定律 .示意圖 圖 2: 透光率與濃度的關(guān)系 然后根據(jù)此法： It = I0e kct (1) 變換為 T = It/ I0 = e kct (2) log e T= kct (3) log e(1/ T) = kct (4) 其中 c 是溶液濃度， T 是光路通過溶液的厚度， K的吸收常數(shù)。這些圖表直接反映了測(cè)試結(jié)果的真實(shí)性。這是用來(lái)控制溫度的范例。所有光學(xué)元件與石 圖 5: 等距輪篩選 裝置 和致冷設(shè)備 24 英玻璃具有 良好的紫外區(qū) 340 納米波長(zhǎng)光的的傳輸。圖 5 是過濾器裝置裝配圖。 3. 結(jié)果和討論 在著個(gè)系統(tǒng)中 ,他節(jié)目，閱讀，和報(bào)告用戶很容易操作 . 該儀器提供了便利的改變參數(shù)設(shè)置的快捷鍵，可監(jiān)測(cè)液晶屏上字母以及圖形處理，而不必通過復(fù)雜的操作 .系統(tǒng)中的是用于打應(yīng) 26 印病人的測(cè)試報(bào)告 . T 這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，在生物化學(xué)系 GovernmentMedical學(xué)院及醫(yī)院，部門 32 ，昌迪加爾成功的臨床評(píng)價(jià)超過 1000 的血液樣本。 Multitasking, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs,NJ, USA, 2nd edition, 1998. [7] UserManual 8051 C Complier Programming Guide for Intel’s 8051 M