【正文】 destination for Chinese exports as these together ($106 billion in 2000) and within this the rest of East Asia is larger than any major OECD market by itself ($ billion). The petitive position of each country can be analyzed in terms of the market share in 1990 and 2000 and the change over the decade. The annex table shows the following:Total manufactured exports: China does best in Japan, followed at some distance by the US. In mon with most neighbors, its market share gain is weakest in West Europe. Korea loses market shares in both Japan and US, while Taiwan loses only in the US. Hong Kong’s loses market shares in all markets, particularly in the US and Japan. Like Taiwan, Singapore loses only in the US. The new Tigers gain share in all markets. With the exception of Indonesia, with a rather tepid performance, the others all gain most share in the Japanese market.Resource based products: China again leads the region in terms of market share increases, with a pattern similar to that for total exports. However, Korea has a large gain in Japan, in contrast to Taiwan and Singapore, which lose shares。 it was then the fifth largest exporter (after USA, Germany, Japan and France, and ahead of the UK). China’s share of developing world manufactured exports rose from 11% to 20% over the 1990s and of the East Asian region excluding China from % to %. Its export gains (see below) spanned the entire technological spectrum, and were most dynamic in the plex end of the range, in products that have recently driven the export growth of the rest of East Asia.This export surge is likely to be sustained for some time to e. China has ‘spare capacity’ in that its per capita exports are still relatively small,7 wages are much lower than in its main neighbors and it has large reserves of cheap and disciplined labor (though drawing it into exports will involve the cost of building links with the interior).8 More importantly, its advantages are not static (confined to cheap labor)。 however, the analysis of petitive trends has implications for the evolution of future trade by the region as liberalization grows.Background on Chinese export performanceChinese manufactured exports grew by % per annum over 19902000, pared to % for the world, % for all developing countries and % for the rest of East Asia. Its share of world manufactured exports rose from % to % over the decade and continued rising rapidly. 6 Thus, by 2002 China accounted for % of world merchandise exports。D and linkages。我們分析了市場份額的變化，直接或間接地突出了產(chǎn)品集群的競爭威脅。中國的出口結(jié)構(gòu)升級以后，更多的發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體（新加坡，香港，南韓和臺灣）也會擔(dān)憂其強大的競爭力，當(dāng)前其低端工業(yè)制成的漏洞將很快由其他復(fù)雜生產(chǎn)、設(shè)計和發(fā)展的產(chǎn)品以及相關(guān)的服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)所填充。工業(yè)制成品的進口也在上升，發(fā)達的鄰國向其銷售消費制成品和生產(chǎn)制成品，并利用其作為向第三國產(chǎn)品出口的加工基地。分割39。但是，中國和各區(qū)域經(jīng)濟體的互補性是否能完全抵消其競爭威脅，這是難以估計的。換言之，產(chǎn)出將取決于技術(shù)和能力，中國和其他地區(qū)企業(yè)的相對增長，前者優(yōu)勢有工資較低，規(guī)模效益較大，產(chǎn)業(yè)深度更廣，技術(shù)技能集群更大，以及一個積極的政府。我們專注于東亞的主要出口國和第三市場的出口，我們還分析了中國和東亞地區(qū)之間的互補性，特別是在電子產(chǎn)品方面，該地區(qū)是最大的出口方，而且跨國公司系統(tǒng)占主導(dǎo)地位。中國出口的增長跨越了整個技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，在復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品以及目前對其余東亞國家的出口增長起主導(dǎo)作用的產(chǎn)品范圍內(nèi)最具影響。世界其他國家的出口總額與中國和這些國家的出口幾乎是一樣大了，（2000年106億美元），在東亞其他地區(qū)的出口比任何主要的經(jīng)合組織市場都要大（74..6億美元）。與臺灣類似，新加坡僅失去美國的份額，亞洲四小虎在所有市場上搶得份額。中等技術(shù)產(chǎn)品：雖然中國模式再次發(fā)揮作用，但是亞洲四小虎在日本獲得大量份額，韓國失去了其在日本的市場，臺灣和新加坡在美國市場上遭受損失。在某種程度上，我們可以解釋市場份額的變化是因為中國出口的激增，看來，亞洲四小虎從中國所遭受的競爭最大；最大的損失在低技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，這是可以預(yù)料的，但這沒有考慮到的韓國和臺灣對中國低技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的出口，低收入的亞洲四小虎相對過低的增量反映在中國競爭力的影響力上，其對中國中間產(chǎn)品的出口也沒有抵消這些差額。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟體對中國的出口有兩個驅(qū)動因素，首先是為了滿足其迅速增長的對進口產(chǎn)品的需求：它不能生產(chǎn)初級產(chǎn)品和資源型制成品，目前可以提供資本產(chǎn)品和面向國內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)以及更先進的工業(yè)消費品的中間產(chǎn)品；二是要滿足其出口產(chǎn)業(yè)的需求，這由兩個部分組成：專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟區(qū)域為出口而進行的“加工”活動不僅要使用進口投入，還需要其他進口國的出口產(chǎn)品。