外文翻譯---中國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的表現(xiàn)：是對(duì)東亞制成品出口的威脅嗎？(完整版)
【正文】 on systems involved lead to plementarily rather than confrontation. China is thus acting as an engine of export growth for its neighbors in terms of direct trade. However, this will change as China moves up the value chain and takes on the activities that have driven East Asian export growth.IntroductionConcern about China’s petitive threat is widespread (in developed economies like US as well as developing ones like Mexico), but is strongest in East and Southeast Asia. China’s burgeoning exports–backed by cheap and productive labor, a large stock of technical manpower, huge and diversified industrial sector, attractiveness to foreign investors, pragmatic use of industrial policy, and, now, freer access to world markets under WTO – lead to apocalyptic visions of export China is most threatening to neighbors that rely primarily on low wages for their export advantage. However, as it upgrades its export structure, the more advanced economies (Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea and Taiwan) also fear for their petitiveness. The current hollowing out of their lowend manufacturing may soon extend to plex production, design, development and related services. Domestic markets are also threatened by China, but so far most attention seems to have been on exports. Offsetting this threat are the promise of the giant Chinese market (WTO accession is only one of several initiatives to liberalize regional trade) and the potential for collaboration with it in exporting to the rest of the world. Trade within the East Asian region is flourishing. China is a growing importer from the region of natural resources that it does not possess. It is also raisin g imports of manufactured products. Its advanced neighbors are selling it sophisticated consumer and producer goods, and using it as a base for processing exports to third countries. The multinational panies (MNCs) that now account for around half of Chinese exports (and far more of its high technology exports, UNCTAD,2002) are incorporating China into production systems spanning the region (‘fragmentation’ and ‘segmentation’ are used to describe this phenomenon3), so promoting considerable intrafirm trade with other regional bases. China’s own enterprises are likely to specialize with respect to regional counterparts and so raise intraindustry trade in differentiated products. Perhaps worryingly for petitors in other regions, such integration can lead China to plement regional petitiveness as a whole, rather than substitute its exports for those of its neighbors.It is difficult to assess, however, whether plementarily between China and the regional economies will fully offset its petitive threat. The dynamics and plexity of the interactions make it impossible to quantify the oute, even to predict broad directions. The basic issue is whether China’s higher wage neighbors can move into more advanced export activities or functions rapidly enough to permit continued export expansion. If they can, they can continue with exportled growth. If they cannot, they will suffer export deceleration and/or a shift in specialization towards primary products or slowgrowing segments of manufactured exports. The oute, in other words, will depend on the relative growth of technological and other capabilities in Chinese and regional enterprises, with the former having such advantages as lower wages, larger scale economies, greater industrial depth, pools of
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