【正文】 uit39。Zorgen voor Morgen39。we can sing the refrain of the need of energy and emission39。know how39。 1 外文 文獻(xiàn) ： THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUILDING ABSTRACT Sustainable Building is a global issue. The life cycle of building influences the life cycles of the whole pla dramatically. Some of the methods concerning EnvironmentallySound and Healthy Building, developed and used in The Netherlands will be presented and discussed in the perspective of world wide effects. Awareness about and development of those methods and approaches are actually yet not at their end. The scientific and technical plexity of the theme and the fact that the objectives are items of mercial and political interests make Sustainable Building a delicate problem. However, after having seen how plicated it is to contribute to a Sustainable Development substantially, we will conclude with some Rules of Thumb and Innovative proposals, in order to stimulate more significant contributions in the future. INTRODUCTION Knowledge on Sustainable Building was an item of highest importance already in the begin of human culture and civilisation. Looking back, in history, we find that Sustainable Building was a question of survival. Protection against weather circumstances, dangerous animals and hostile fellow men belong(ed) to the main functions of a building. In order to fulfil these demands it was necessary to find an equilibrium between the environmentally or ecologically based possibilities of resources and their limits and the needs and wishes for a durable home. Beside this it was determining for a built result, which and how much capacities for the realisation were available. Energy for building purposes was mainly given by human power, and for a part by the use of animals and more indirectly sometimes by fire or wind. But fire was dependent from fuel. Similarly there was only building material at hand, which could be found near to the site, because it was generally too costly, nearly impossible, to transport main materials from a source far away. When humankind started to exploit or produce (39。 only by exploiting the + 80% of humankind, which are called the Poor, under whom a population of about 20% hardly can survive. It seems extraordinary difficult to increase the awareness of the first World concerning these relations within our mondial society. But even more difficult it is to transform our behaviour towards more balanced circumstances in the world. This contribution aims to help, modestly, to support a strategy together with the necessary 39。 out of the environment. Secondly the building material has to be made out or produced from the raw material. Thirdly and mostly there is a certain assemblage needed in order to get a useful building ponent. In between these main activities, transport and storage is needed very often. All of these acts need energy and there is hardly one of them which does not create emissions. To make a building useful, it needs the finishing touch together with the integration of all equipment and furniture, which will go on during the use of the building together with cleaning, care taking and exploiting the building. Heating and/or cooling and lighting are conditional in this period as well. Again, all of these handlings need energy and there is hardly one of them, which does not pollute the environment. After and partially already during the phase of use, it will appear, that changes, or, at least strong, maintenance is needed. Partial demolition will be one of the consequences, than partial or full renewal or refurbishment can take place. Although there is a resource saving possibility of reuse of various gradations with more or less manipulations, needed for a final proper reuse again 39。 BMD, a Broad Social Debate in order to choose or approach new scenarios for gaining and using energy. At the end of the seventies there appeared a governmental report 39。 (A different Energy). Together with SEV, the Group dealing with Experiments in Housing and SBR, Foundation Building Research started with the governmental supported institute Duurzaam Bouwen DuBo Sustainable Building. Along this development, important to mention, there appeared five times (yearly) a Paasbrief an Eastermessage of Rgd Rijksgebouwendienst the governmental section, which takes care for all governmental buildings. Regulations like 39。 (How to Grasp) and Nationaal Pakket (National Package) voor Woningbouw (Housing) and later Utiliteitsbouw (Utility Building) were further steps in the development. Nowadays we see a state of a relative awareness about the necessity of Sustainable Building also in its plexity, but it seems at the same time, that the relatively easy possible, 39。 some energy saving during the exploitation by the implementation of passive and active solar technologies, whereby the question remains whether active solar power with all necessary equipment is really more environment friendly than the traditional solutions。r Baubiologie/Bau246。kologie (IBO), Switzerland Wohnung + Gesundheit, Fachzeitschrift f252。kologie, Neubeuern, Germany Eco Design, Gaia Publication, Great Britain IAED Bulletin, International Association for Ecological Design (IAED), Svedala, Sweden Gesundes Bauen amp。建設(shè)生命周期 顯著的 影響 著 整個(gè)地球 的生命周期 。然而，看過 它 是多么復(fù)雜 之后 有助于建立一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實(shí)質(zhì)，我們將 運(yùn)用一些拇指 法則 與創(chuàng)新的建議規(guī)則， 為的是 刺激在未來 創(chuàng)造 更重大的 貢獻(xiàn)。為了滿足這些需求，有必要找到一個(gè)與自己的資源和環(huán)境的限制和需求平衡的可能性，或以生態(tài)為基礎(chǔ)，并希望為持久的家。同樣只有建材在手，可到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的，因?yàn)樗话愣际职嘿F， 從一個(gè) 很遠(yuǎn)的地方運(yùn)輸材料 幾乎 是不可能的 。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和權(quán)力，有可能創(chuàng)造市場(chǎng)和銷售產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，甚至遠(yuǎn)位于消費(fèi)者， 而位于新交通線相對(duì)比較容易的火車和輪船和以后的卡車和飛機(jī)來承擔(dān) ,幫助和幫助還帶 或捉原材料從很遠(yuǎn)的地方。同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，豐富的出現(xiàn)，技術(shù)先進(jìn)的國(guó)家，這是大約 20％的整個(gè)人類，可以努力的這種 “ 風(fēng)格 ” 只有通過利用人類 + 80％，這是所謂窮人，下其中約 20％的人口幾乎可以生存。知道如何作為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要組成部分實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展建筑。大致有以下活動(dòng)：在材料的使用它首先要挖或 39。第三，大多有一定的組合，以獲得所需的一個(gè)有用的建設(shè)的組成部分。加熱和 /或冷卻和照明以及在此期間為條件。雖然是一個(gè)資源 對(duì)各種層次或多或少為最終妥善操作需要重用，重用的可能性節(jié)約 再 39