【正文】 ) 圖 18 便于采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉆頭 (a) 錯(cuò)誤 (b) 正確 同時(shí)將次要表面也加工出來(lái)；孔端的加工表面應(yīng)為圓形凸臺(tái)或沉孔，以便在加 工孔時(shí)同時(shí)將凸臺(tái)或沉孔全锪出來(lái)。 (a) (b) 圖 15 將內(nèi)溝槽轉(zhuǎn)化為外溝槽加工 (a) 錯(cuò)誤 (b) 正確 (3) 有利于提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 (a) (b) 圖 16 退刀槽尺寸一致 (a) 錯(cuò)誤 (b) 正確 ①零件的有關(guān)尺寸應(yīng)力求一致，并能用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刀具加工。 (a) (b) 圖 12 減少軸承座底面加工面積 (a) 錯(cuò)誤 (b) 正確 (a) (b) 圖 13 避免深孔加工的方法 (a) 錯(cuò)誤 (b) 正確 ②盡量避免或簡(jiǎn)化內(nèi)表面的加工 (a) (b) 圖 14 將內(nèi)表面轉(zhuǎn)化為外表面加工 (a) 錯(cuò)誤 (b) 正確 因?yàn)橥獗砻娴募庸ひ葍?nèi)表面加工方便經(jīng)濟(jì)，又便于測(cè)量。如改成圖 (b)所示的結(jié)構(gòu)，就能在一次安裝中加工出外圓與內(nèi)孔，保證二者的同 軸度。主要考慮如下幾方面。 關(guān)鍵詞： 數(shù)控技術(shù)，加工工藝，編程 ABSTRACT CNC milling machine (Center) is Machining processing Center in general milling machine developed on the basis of the Machining process, both basic and same, structure, but also some similar CNC milling machine is on the process of automatically controlled machine tools, so its structure and have very big distinction. CNC milling machine (Center) Machining processing Center, is as MC mechanical equipment and control system for the efficiency automation machine ponents. It is efficient machine, CNC, precision workpiece in time in the clamping can finish a number of processes, CNC machining center is processed in the nc machine more plicated structure and function of a machine. Suitable for processing plex shape, processing content more, demanding, need many types of mon tools and many of the technology and equipment, and by many clamping and adjust to finish machining parts. Usually the workpiece machining processing center, both plane and the pore structure parts, plex shape, ordinary machine parts processing, appearance is shaped parts, the periodicity of irregular parts processing, production of high precision and small batch production parts and ponents, and its processing is widely content. CNC programming are generally classified into manual programming and automatic programming. Manual programming is analyzed, and determine from parts processing, the numerical calculation, the writing parts processing procedure and program control medium to check is artificially. CNC machine safety operation: the CNC safety procedures and matters needing attention, machine parts of the button switches and handwheel function and, as well as the function and effect of the machine tool, the operation of the panel used maintenance. This design is mainly about the emergence and development of numerical control equipment, CNC processing principle, characteristic and application of nc machining and manual programming knowledge. Keywords: CNC。在全球倡導(dǎo)綠色制造的大環(huán)境下，機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造成為了熱點(diǎn)。數(shù)控機(jī)床是 現(xiàn)代加工車間最重要的裝備。數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控機(jī)床的廣泛應(yīng)用，給機(jī)械制造業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品種類和檔次以及生產(chǎn)方式帶來(lái)了革命性的變化。 數(shù)控機(jī)床是裝備制造業(yè)的工作母機(jī)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)制造技術(shù)和裝備現(xiàn)代化的基石是保證高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和國(guó)防軍工現(xiàn)代化的戰(zhàn)略裝備。并通過(guò)一定的實(shí)例詳細(xì)的介紹了數(shù)控加工工藝的分析方 法。為了多快好省地把所設(shè)計(jì)的零件加工出來(lái)，就必須對(duì)零件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析。如圖 11(a)所示的結(jié)構(gòu)，不能保證φ 80 ㎜與內(nèi)孔φ 60 ㎜的同軸度。圖 13(b)中減少了精加工的面積，又避免了深孔加工。再如圖 15 所示，將圖 (a)中件 2上的內(nèi)溝槽 a加工，改成圖 (b)中件 1 的外溝槽加工，這樣加工與測(cè)量就都很方便。如圖 18(b)的結(jié)構(gòu)，能采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉆頭鉆孔，從而方便了加工。 （ 1）連續(xù)進(jìn)行間隔式暫停 對(duì)連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡進(jìn)行分段加工，每相鄰加工工段中間用 G04 指令功能將其隔開并設(shè)定較短的間隔時(shí)間 ()。 工件毛坯的確定 零件材料及其力學(xué)性能 零件的材料及其力學(xué)性能大致確定了毛坯的種類。 粗基準(zhǔn)：用未加工過(guò)的毛坯表面做基準(zhǔn)。 （ 1）合理分配加工余量的原則