【正文】 each other usually call their names, the same for the seniors and juniors, elders and juniors, teachers and students. They think that reflects their close friendships. Especially when you call the aged with an address form attached to old, they usually bee very angry for they think that intimates they are weak, poor in health, and lack of vigor. They expect you to call their names directly. Meanwhile in this situation you will be considered not being brought up well. In addition, there are lots of words with the meaning of respect in Chinese. The most popular ones were rade, master and so on in the early time. No matter what gender you are, these address forms were in mon use. Recently, with the development of Reform and Opening of China, Mr, Lady, Miss and so on are often used. The International address forms are used more and more prehensively. This also reflects the impacts and affluences of internationalization on Chinese traditional sense of value. In the western culture, the address forms of showing respect are usually Mr., Mrs., Miss, Sir, Madam etc. Just like we put forward above, the former three address forms can be attached to family name or full name. But when you use Mr., Mrs., Sir, Madam, you should know the followings: even though Mr., Mrs. can be attached to family name or full name, they can not be attached to the religious name, and they are usually used for the persons with no title or unknown title, or they are very formal, and do not show the close relation. Mr. can be attached to the title of government officer, for example, Mr. President. It can be attached to the names of places, sports or jobs, such as Mr. American (The champion of muscular development match in America), Mr. Baseball (The baseball player who performs very well in the baseball game). Mrs. is an address form refers to the woman married, it can be attached to the family name of the husband or the name after marriage, it likes Mr., can be attached to the names of places, sports, jobs, such as Mrs. American (The champion of Beauty match in America and married). Sir, Madam usually can not be attached to the family names. They do not show the close relations of people. Sir is used to call the seniors, elders, chancellors, police, teachers(for students), male guests(for the staffs of shop). And when the strangers meet with each other, some will use Sir to call the others. Madam is an address form to call the females unfamiliar. It is usually used by the staffs to call the female guests. Madam could be attached to the 江西理工大學 2021 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 10 religious name in the early time, but now it is usually used with family names and positions, such as Madam Smith, Madam President, Madam Ambassador. Sir can be attached to full names or religious names, but can not be attached to family names. When it is used with full names, it does not refer to the general meaning of sir. It means the nobility of a people, such as Sir John White or Sir John. 江西理工大學 2021 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 11 Chapter V The generalization and westernization of Chinese address forms . The generalization of Chinese kinship address forms The generalization of Chinese kinship address forms means that people use the kinship address forms to call the nonkinship people. It’s the main part of generalization of address forms, and it enriches the meanings and directions of kinship address forms. Children call the aged people Grandpa. They call the elder male people “brother” in the street, even though they do not have the relations of consanguinity. What they do conforms the principles of love in the munications of human in Chinese culture. They want to express their concerning and modesty. . The generalization of Chinese social address forms The generalization of Chinese social address forms refers to the using of the address forms which have particular social relation characteristics to the ones who do not have the characteristics. For example, in the address forms of position, people ignore the vice of one’s position. They call director instead of vicedirector, call professor instead of viceprofessor. These intimate the respect and glorification, and people achieve their requires based on these address forms. In the mon address forms, some address forms have particular directions, but after the generalization, they have much more directions, such as rade, master, Miss and so on. We can study from the sociolinguistics angle, that is, different generalizations of address forms of different languages reflect different choices of the nations in the munications. These choices are the sediments of languages and the phenomenon based languages in the national cultures. . The westernization of Chinese address forms With the development of China, our munications with the outside world bee more and more. Different cultures merge with each other. Lots of Chinese traditional cultures and customs are fading away. Because of the impacts and influences of western ideas and cultures, lots of westernization phenomena appear in the Chinese address forms. . From Community spirit to Personal spirit 江西理工大學 2021 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 ) 12 Nowadays, with the opening to the outside, lots of intellectuals are affected by the western personal spirit, especially the so called “new human beings”—the children born in 1980s. They bee mature gradually, have strong sense of independence, like to do something new and strange, and be willing to adventure. They do not like to follow the main stream of society. In such environment, some intellectuals start to cultivate their children’s independence spirit, so they will allow the children to call the parents’ names directly, so as to respect the children’s developments of personalities. . From the Concept of Cla