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用比喻方式的一項(xiàng)是(D)A.“鎖”本指一種器具,后引申指憑借這一器具的行為B.“兵”本指兵器,后引申指使用兵器的人 C.“南瓜”本指一種植物,后引申指這種植物的果實(shí)D.“后臺(tái)”本指舞臺(tái)的后面,后引申指在背后操縱、支持的人或集團(tuán),正確的一項(xiàng)是(A) 17.“老王說(shuō)服了小李”中“老王”是行為的施事,“小李”是行為的受事,這種意義是(B),最早出現(xiàn)的字符大多是(D)(B) ,最常見(jiàn)、最突出的是(A) ,具有排他性的是(B)“思維”的表述中,正確的一項(xiàng)是(A), 、判斷、 (B),也沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生思維 “失語(yǔ)癥”是因?yàn)椋˙)、 (D),機(jī)器翻譯可以分為四個(gè)層級(jí),從低到高的排序是(A)、句法、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)境、句法 、句法、語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)義、句法、語(yǔ)境二、多項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共5小題,每小題2分,共10分)在每小題列出的五個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中有二個(gè)至五個(gè)是符合題目要求的,請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫(xiě)在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。外圍語(yǔ)法則包括與語(yǔ)法有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)知識(shí)、語(yǔ)義知識(shí)和語(yǔ)音知識(shí),比如詞語(yǔ)的搭配、成分之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系和語(yǔ)音的實(shí)現(xiàn)等。聚合規(guī)則是語(yǔ)法成分在線形序列某個(gè)位置上能夠相互替換出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系,包括構(gòu)形和詞類等問(wèn)題。舉例略。(2)就語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)來(lái)說(shuō),語(yǔ)言不是一種生理現(xiàn)象,也不是一種心理現(xiàn)象,而是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。其中“鼓動(dòng)”是中性的,“煽動(dòng)”是貶義的?!八唷睍?huì)使人聯(lián)想到這種東西加水?dāng)嚭秃笙笏?一樣的狀態(tài),“洋灰”會(huì)使人想到此物是一種外來(lái)的粉末狀的東西。地域方言有自己獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)匯、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義系統(tǒng),它們之間的差別可以大到不能通話的程度,在這一點(diǎn)上,地域方言與獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)言并沒(méi)有本質(zhì)的區(qū)別。(2)從形成條件上看,社會(huì)方言是因社會(huì)的社會(huì)分化而導(dǎo)致的語(yǔ)言社群分化,地域方言是因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)的地域分化而導(dǎo)致的語(yǔ)言地域分化。(2)漢字的類型:(1)根據(jù)字符跟語(yǔ)言中什么樣的語(yǔ)言單位相聯(lián)系的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),漢字是一種詞語(yǔ)文字。如漢語(yǔ)普通話和法語(yǔ)都有[a] [具有不同的內(nèi)容。如漢語(yǔ)普通話的[a][A][ ɑ]彼此間的音質(zhì)差別沒(méi)有區(qū)別意義的作用,因而可以歸并在同一個(gè)|a|音位里。有廣義和狹義之分。(2)這種知識(shí)主要指語(yǔ)類、層次等最基本的語(yǔ)法原則。語(yǔ)言規(guī)劃是指對(duì)語(yǔ)言的一種人為干預(yù),這種干預(yù)主要由政府或政府授權(quán)的機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)實(shí)施。(3)輕音可以與非輕音構(gòu)成對(duì)比,形成對(duì)立,因而可以區(qū)別意義的作用。五、分析題(本大題共2小題,每小題6分,共12分)39.把下列漢語(yǔ)合成詞中所有的語(yǔ)素提取出來(lái),分別填入A、B、C、D四項(xiàng)中: 飛機(jī)美滋滋甜頭A.自由語(yǔ)素:___________________________ B.黏著語(yǔ)素:___________________________ C.實(shí)義語(yǔ)素:___________________________ D.虛義語(yǔ)素:___________________________ 40.分析下列各組近義詞在非理性意義上的主要差別。正確的有() 28.“葡萄”一詞屬于() ,含有降級(jí)述謂結(jié)構(gòu)的有() ,語(yǔ)言接觸的結(jié)果有( 31.“大腦的單側(cè)化現(xiàn)象”是指() ),可以靠右半球來(lái)代替三、名詞解釋題(本大題共4小題,每小題4分,共16分)每一名詞解釋都須舉例。第四篇:語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試題() ,都是前元音的一組是()A.[i, u] B.[a, ] C.[e,230。B.某種文字可以由一個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人創(chuàng)制。,絕大多數(shù)是從___字母分化派生出來(lái)的,它也是最早使用的字母,它是由_____人創(chuàng)造的。(時(shí)間)和(空間)局限,使出口即逝的語(yǔ)言能夠傳于異地,留于異時(shí)。?習(xí)題五(第九章 文字)一、填空題,是人類最重要的______工具。 和 兩種情況。、___的發(fā)展、___是語(yǔ)法演變的主要內(nèi)容。,___意義對(duì)聽(tīng)話者來(lái)說(shuō)是新的信息。、___、和___。、_____、_____三類。()五、簡(jiǎn)答題?、字母、音標(biāo)有何區(qū)別???、ta、kuang中的a,是三個(gè)不同音素,卻是一個(gè)音位,為什么?六、論述題。()、c、h,國(guó)際音標(biāo)分別寫(xiě)作y ts39。(),是指發(fā)音時(shí)音素可以任意變化。()[a]和[ɑ]的發(fā)音特點(diǎn)其實(shí)是一樣的,沒(méi)有區(qū)別,只是寫(xiě)法不同。()。()。,唇、舌頭、軟腭、小舌、聲帶等是能夠活動(dòng)的,叫做___發(fā)音器官,上齒、齒齦、硬腭等是不能活動(dòng)的,叫做___發(fā)音器官。,它也是語(yǔ)音中最小的___單位。4.計(jì)算頻率的單位是周/秒,又稱____。??,有何特殊性???六、論述題???從哪些方面來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)??從哪些方面能看出來(lái)?,什么是聚合關(guān)系。(),就是說(shuō)我們平時(shí)說(shuō)話用什么樣的語(yǔ)音代表什么樣的意義是自由的,不受任何約束。(),共同發(fā)展。(),動(dòng)物沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言。(),所以是個(gè)人現(xiàn)象。()。語(yǔ)言符號(hào)首先可以分為兩層,其底層是____,上層是_______,即符號(hào)和符號(hào)序列。語(yǔ)言符號(hào)的基本單位是___,它是語(yǔ)言的___。,除運(yùn)用各門科學(xué)的一般方法,也有自己的專門研究方法,如“_____法”、“___法”。三、判斷 of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in of all languages are capable of producing and prehending an infinite set of is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be is called the prescriptive term “l(fā)earning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in municative term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of voca transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical notion of context is essential to the semantic study of is both arbitrary and 、 the cognitive factors in child language the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic boy who was sleeping was the five types of are the possible causes of language change?五、評(píng)論Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionarymakers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the Whiteman Do you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?第三篇:語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題范文《語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論》習(xí)題集麗水學(xué)院《語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論》課程組編習(xí)題一(第一章 語(yǔ)言與語(yǔ)言學(xué)/第二章 語(yǔ)言的構(gòu)造與機(jī)制)一、填空題,開(kāi)始用歷史比較法研究語(yǔ)言,使語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究開(kāi)始從其他學(xué)科中獨(dú)立出來(lái)。s knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is calledC of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns? D pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” areB. opposites opposites 23.“Big” and “Small” are a pair ofB to and , which is studies the relationship between symbols and their interpreters? C areBdiesis in the sentence she has sold it here the following conversation:Beirut is in Peru, isn39。s area, which determines the details of their form and appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the we hear something and try to prehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke39。) transmission(as a defining feature of human language) medium of language morphemes act dialect五、論述題(本大題共2小題,每小題10分,共20分。s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second is know as language 、判斷說(shuō)明題(本大題共10小題,每小題2分,共20分。第一篇:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題(8)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題(8)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題第一部分選擇題一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共10小題,每小題2分,共20分)在每小題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的,請(qǐng)將正確選項(xiàng)前的字母填在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。) the course of time,the study of language has e to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and [1] and dark[ ]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound binations, thus they are said to be inc________ r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete and rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian,with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is k