【正文】 , but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, has to be taught and limited range of sounds that are used in human language munication, speech is a phonetic feature of some is caused by the vibration of the vocal morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such ased,(e)s,est in is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world。it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the example ,if we say, “The dog is barking,” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”. act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and example, by saying “You have left the door wide open”,the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and paring similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across regional is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary this reason, registers are also known as situational refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language 、論述題(本大題共2小題，每小題10分，共20分) addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure treehas a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic example, the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations, adjective “old”may modify the noun ”men“, or the following two nouns ”men and women.Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference ,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure NPNPNPNPThe old menandthe womenthe old menandthe old women the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis,language use in terms of perception,prehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language we speak,words are drawn from Wernicke39。s area and transferred to Broca39。s area, which determines the details of their form and appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the we hear something and try to prehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke39。s area,where it is then we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus,where it is converted into a visual pattern.第二篇：《英語語言學(xué)概論》精選試題《英語語言學(xué)概論》精選試題 of the following statements about language is NOT true? C is a system is symbolic also have language is arbitrary of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language? A is the most important function of language? C put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?A to Chomsky, which is the ideal user39。s internalized knowledge of his language? A function of the sentence “A nice day, isn39。t it?” isB. phonetics mainly studiesD. physical properties of the sounds produced in speech perception of sounds bination of sounds production of sounds distinction between vowels and consonants lies inB. place of articulation obstruction of airstream position of the tongue shape of the lips is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription? A studies the sound systems in a certain language? B pairs are used toB. the distinctive features of a language the phonemes of a language two words the allophones of language, suprasegmental features includeD,length and sounds is an indispensable part of a syllable? D is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content? B studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed? A isB physically definable unit mon factor underlying a set of forms grammatical unit indefinable unit of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural morpheme ? C A.[s] B.[iz] C.[ai] D.[is] words contain aA morpheme morpheme relationship between “fruit” and “apple” isB part of the grammar that represents a speaker39。s knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is calledC of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns? D pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” areB. opposites opposites 23.“Big” and “Small” are a pair ofB to and , which is studies the relationship between symbols and their interpreters? C areBdiesis in the sentence she has sold it here the following conversation:Beirut is in Peru, isn39。t it?And Rome is in Romania, I second person violates theC Maxim Maxim Maxim Maxim maxim of requires that a participant39。s contribution be relevant to the 三、判斷：Mistake is unintentionally deriant from the target language and not selfcorrigible by the learner, which suggests failure in ：F四、簡(jiǎn)答題共30分，3題，要求字?jǐn)?shù)不得超過100。1 畫出樹形圖：The president thinks that he will ，07年的句子和06年的幾乎是換湯不換藥： 3 分析reference, sense 之間的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別