【正文】 .............. 8 控制方式的確定 ........................................................................................................ 8 驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的確定 ...................................................................................................... 11 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 11 基本方案的確定 ...................................................................................................... 12 3 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................... 13 單片機(jī)的選擇 ........................................................................................................... 13 單片機(jī)的引腳功能 ................................................................................................... 13 主要特性 ................................................................................................................ 14 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 15 三相單三拍通電方式 ........................................................................................... 16 三相雙三拍通電方式 ............................................................................................. 17 驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的選擇 ............................................................................................................ 22 顯示電路與鍵盤(pán)的選擇 ............................................................................................ 24 反饋電路的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 29 ......................................................................................................... 29 電源電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 30 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 2 抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................... 32 看門(mén)狗電路 ...................................................................................................................... 33 MAX813L功能簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................................................................... 34 看門(mén)狗電路各引腳功能 ........................................................................................... 34 4 算法的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 36 PID 控制算法 ............................................ 36 5 軟件的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 45 顯示子程序的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 45 鍵盤(pán)子程序的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 46 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序流程的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................... 47 正反轉(zhuǎn)程序流程圖 ................................................................................................ 48 正反轉(zhuǎn)程序流程圖 ................................................................................................. 48 轉(zhuǎn)速快慢程序流程圖 ........................................................................................... 47 ......................................................................................................... 48 6 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析 ..................................................... 49 有關(guān)參數(shù)的計(jì)算與分析 ....................................................................................... 49 理論與實(shí)際的分析 ................................................................................................. 52 7 總 結(jié) .................................................................... 54 可行性報(bào)告 ............................................................... 55 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................. 56 致 謝 ..................................................................... 57 附 錄 ...................................................................... 58 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 1 前 言 步進(jìn)電機(jī)最早是在 1920 年由英國(guó)人所開(kāi)發(fā)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 步進(jìn)電機(jī) ； 單片機(jī) ； 調(diào)速系統(tǒng) 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 II ABSTRACT It is changing the electric impulse signal to the open loop control ponent of angular motion or thread displacement that step advances the electrical machinery. The rotational speed of electrical machinery and the seat that stops only to depend on frequency and the pulse of the pulse signal number under the circumstances of non overload, and with namelying because of the influence of load change, but the electrical machinery turned one step apart from the horn. The existence of this linear relation, again step advancing the electrical machinery only error of periodicity and does not have the accumulated error etc characteristics. Makes in speed and seat etc the control domains with step advances the electrical machinery to e control what bees very simply. Step advancing the velocity modulation of electrical machinery generally to be the frequency that the pulse of electrical machinery step is advanced in the change input is realized that the step advances the velocity modulation of electrical machinery, and advances the electrical machinery and whenever moves a builtin angle tos a pulse because of step, delayDoppler mapping the length es that the concrete control step advances the rotational speed that the horn es to change the electrical machinery, thus realizes that the step advances the velocity modulation of electrical machinery. Thus the freque ncy that the timer which adopted inside AT89C5139。這一線(xiàn)性關(guān)系的存在，加上步進(jìn)電機(jī)只有周期性的誤差而無(wú)累積誤差等特點(diǎn)。在非超載的情況下，電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速、停止的位置只取決于脈沖信號(hào)的頻率和脈沖數(shù)，而不受負(fù)載變化的影響，即給電機(jī)加一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào)，電機(jī)則轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)一個(gè)步距角。在本設(shè)計(jì)方案中采用 AT89C51 型單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的定時(shí)器改變 CP脈沖的頻率從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)調(diào)速與正反轉(zhuǎn)的功能。 MCU。 步進(jìn)電機(jī)是將電脈沖信號(hào)變換成角位移或直線(xiàn)位移的執(zhí)行部件。在沒(méi)有脈沖輸入時(shí)，在繞組電源的激勵(lì)下氣隙磁場(chǎng)能使轉(zhuǎn)子保持原有位置處于定位狀態(tài)。傳統(tǒng)電動(dòng)機(jī)作為機(jī)電能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置，在人類(lèi)的生產(chǎn)和生活進(jìn)入電氣化過(guò)程中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。 (2)步進(jìn)電機(jī)外表允