【正文】 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 I 摘 要 步進(jìn)電機是將電脈沖信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻俏灰苹蚓€位移的開環(huán)控制元件。在非超載的情況下，電機的轉(zhuǎn)速、停止的位置只取決于脈沖信號的頻率和脈沖數(shù)，而不受負(fù)載變化的影響，即給電機加一個脈沖信號，電機則轉(zhuǎn)過一個步距角。這一線性關(guān)系的存在，加上步進(jìn)電機只有周期性的誤差而無累積誤差等特點。使得在速度、位置等控制領(lǐng)域用步進(jìn)電機來控制變的非常的簡單。步進(jìn)電機的調(diào)速一般是改變輸入步進(jìn)電機的脈沖的頻率來實現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機的調(diào)速，因為步進(jìn)電機每給一個脈沖就轉(zhuǎn)動一個固定的角度，這樣就可以通過控制步進(jìn)電機的一個脈沖到下一個脈沖的時間間隔來改 變脈沖的頻率，延時的長短來具體控制步進(jìn)角來改變電機的轉(zhuǎn)速，從而實現(xiàn)步進(jìn)電機的調(diào)速。在本設(shè)計方案中采用 AT89C51 型單片機內(nèi)部的定時器改變 CP脈沖的頻率從而實現(xiàn)對步進(jìn)電機的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制，實現(xiàn)電機調(diào)速與正反轉(zhuǎn)的功能。 關(guān)鍵詞： 步進(jìn)電機 ； 單片機 ； 調(diào)速系統(tǒng) 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 II ABSTRACT It is changing the electric impulse signal to the open loop control ponent of angular motion or thread displacement that step advances the electrical machinery. The rotational speed of electrical machinery and the seat that stops only to depend on frequency and the pulse of the pulse signal number under the circumstances of non overload, and with namelying because of the influence of load change, but the electrical machinery turned one step apart from the horn. The existence of this linear relation, again step advancing the electrical machinery only error of periodicity and does not have the accumulated error etc characteristics. Makes in speed and seat etc the control domains with step advances the electrical machinery to e control what bees very simply. Step advancing the velocity modulation of electrical machinery generally to be the frequency that the pulse of electrical machinery step is advanced in the change input is realized that the step advances the velocity modulation of electrical machinery, and advances the electrical machinery and whenever moves a builtin angle tos a pulse because of step, delayDoppler mapping the length es that the concrete control step advances the rotational speed that the horn es to change the electrical machinery, thus realizes that the step advances the velocity modulation of electrical machinery. Thus the freque ncy that the timer which adopted inside AT89C5139。s mould list piece machine in this design proposal changes pulse of CP39。s is realized that advancing the rotational speed of electrical machinery to step control, and realizes electrical machinery velocity modulation and function reversing. Keywords: stepper motor。 MCU。 speed control systerm 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 1 目 錄 前 言 ..................................................................... 1 1 步進(jìn)電機概述 .......................................................... 2 步進(jìn)電機的特點 .............................................................................................................. 2 步進(jìn)電機的工作原理 .................................................................................................... 2 步進(jìn)電機的技術(shù)參數(shù) .................................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................................. 3 ......................................................................................... 4 步進(jìn)電機的分類 .............................................................................................................. 5 步進(jìn)電機分為三大類 ................................................................................................. 5 .................................................................................................. 6 步進(jìn)電機詳細(xì)調(diào)速原理 .............................................................................................. 7 本次設(shè)計的基本要求 .................................................................................................... 8 2 方案的論證 .............................................................. 8 控制方式的確定 ........................................................................................................ 8 驅(qū)動方式的確定 ...................................................................................................... 11 驅(qū)動電路的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 11 基本方案的確定 ...................................................................................................... 12 3 硬件電路的設(shè)計 ...................................................... 13 單片機的選擇 ........................................................................................................... 13 單片機的引腳功能 ................................................................................................... 13 主要特性 ................................................................................................................ 14 步進(jìn)電機的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 15 三相單三拍通電方式 ........................................................................................... 16 三相雙三拍通電方式 ............................................................................................. 17 驅(qū)動電路的選擇 ............................................................................................................ 22 顯示電路與鍵盤的選擇 ............................................................................................ 24 反饋電路的選擇 ...................................................................................................... 29 ......................................................................................................... 29 電源電路設(shè)計 ................................................................................................................. 30 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 2 抗干擾設(shè)計 ...................................................................................................................... 32 看門狗電路 ...................................................................................................................... 33 MAX813L功能簡介 .................................................................................................... 34 看門狗電路各引腳功能 ...............................................................................