【正文】
載荷大或受疲勞載荷的零件。 I 摘 要 目前國內(nèi)外的鍛造方法主要的仍然是自由鍛和模鍛,工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的模鍛大大超過自由鍛。它包含了鍛造和沖壓技術,以及與之相關的塑性變形技術。 關鍵詞:自由鍛;模鍛;鍛造工藝;胎膜鍛;結構 全套圖紙,加 527953900 II Abstract Currently, fing method at home and abroad, mainly remains Free fing and Roll fing, Model Fing of Industrial developed countries easily outnumbered Free fing. Beca mechanical property. High strength, impact fatigue resistance. Fe is one of the oldest use of high production rate of Roll fing, high dimension precision of fing, high utilization ratio of material and fibrous tissue distributes the outlines of fing, so it has good production technology of human invention, is one of the important technology in mechanical manufacturing industry. It includes the fing and stamping technology, and the plastic deformation associated with technology. Fing as main methods and means of metal processing . Fing ps histiocytomarocess can ensure the continuity of metallic fibrou , consistent with appearance of fibrous tissue and fings fing, metal flow line plete, guaranteed parts with good mechanical properties and long service life, Fing is the weightbearing loads in the machine parts, particularly suited to the structure of small size and loading large or subject to fatigue loading parts, If we can bine The fetal membrane hammers and the swage block hammers, the Economic efficiency will obviously enhances, so Fing craft is the trend of development, we will disobey Fing principle and Fing structure technology capability if we can not understand Fing design, the result range from not fing the ponents to protracting the production cycle, increasing manufacturing difficulties and costing this Graduation Project, we can grasp the law of the manufacture of structural design and fing structure technology capability by analysising the structural design of a wide range of fing and the technology capability, also nimbly use the technique of manufacture, reasonably design the structural and the craft by grasping the law. Keywords:Free fing; Roll fing; Fing craft; The fetal membrane hammers; structural III 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................. I Abstract ................................................................ II 前 言 ................................................................. 1 第 1 章 緒論 .............................................................. 3 目前鍛件的應用 ................................................... 3 目前國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況和發(fā)展趨勢 ..................................... 4 第 2 章 鍛件的結構設計及工藝性分析 ........................................ 5 對鍛造零件結構工藝性的要求 ....................................... 5 鍛件組織特點 ..................................................... 5 鍛件的結構工藝性 ................................................. 5 自由鍛件的結構工藝性 ........................................ 5 模鍛件的結構工藝性 ......................................... 9 第 3 章 鍛件的結構設計錯誤示例及其改進 ................................... 12 模鍛件的分模位置問題 ............................................ 12 上下對稱鍛件的分模位置不應選在上平面或下 平面 .............. 12 傾斜鍛件不宜采用折線分模 .................................. 13 左右對稱的鍛件,分模面不宜選在過度截面上 .................. 14 高度小于或者 等于臺階直徑的圓餅類鍛件,不宜軸向分模 ........ 15 頭部較大的軸類鍛件不宜直線分模 ............................ 16 模鍛件的模鍛斜度問題 ............................................ 17 模膛內(nèi)側不能與分模面垂直 .................................. 17 同一鍛件的內(nèi)模斜度不應比外模斜度小 ........................ 18 同一鍛件上不宜出現(xiàn)多種模鍛斜度 ............................ 20 分模面 兩側 的模鍛斜度不能相互錯開 .......................... 21 零件上過于復雜的部分不要鍛出,應合理設計余塊 .................... 21 對于有凸緣的鍛件 .......................................... 22 對于有難成形的復雜形狀的鍛件 ............................... 23 對于零件相鄰臺階直徑相差不大的鍛件 ........................ 25 需增設定位塊的錘上模鍛件 ........................................ 26 IV 模鍛件連皮的問題 ................................................ 27 沖孔連皮不能太薄,也不宜太厚 .............................. 27 鍛件內(nèi)孔較大時,不宜用平底連皮 ............................ 28 鍛件上的小孔不宜鍛出連皮 , 只進行壓凹 ...................... 29 對于法蘭較薄的鍛件,在鍛件兩側各增加一塊工藝凸臺敷料 ............ 31 合理確定鍛件的分合 .............................................. 32 單拐曲線兩件合鍛 .......................................... 32 軸套類零件兩件合鍛 ........................................ 33 復雜模鍛件的分鍛 .......................................... 34 有驟變橫截面模鍛件的分鍛 .................................. 35 合理確定鍛件的凸肩 .............................................. 36 凸肩與鍛件直徑相差不大時不宜鍛出凸肩 ...................... 36 高度過 小的凸肩不要鍛出 .................................... 37 自由鍛件結構應力求簡單 .......................................... 38 自由鍛件應盡量避免有錐形和斜度平面 ........................ 38 自由 鍛件應 避 免 兩曲面或曲面與棱柱面交接 .................... 40 自由鍛件應避免加強筋 ...................................... 41 自由鍛件不允許在基體上或在叉件內(nèi)側有凸臺 .................. 42 大型鍛件臺階余面的重量不能忽視 ,鍛造設備不能選擇過大,也不能選擇太小 .................................................. 43 孔徑小于 30mm 的孔,不宜鍛出 .................................... 45 模鍛件應盡可能直接模鍛成形 ..................................... 46 加大連接板的厚度 ............................................... 47 復雜鍛件應成對稱形狀,可使模具和夾具通用 ....................... 48 合理 選擇鍛件上的倒圓半徑 ....................................... 49 不能忽視預鍛成型 ............................................... 50 平鍛機上終鍛成形時的沖孔芯料不能太薄 ........................... 51 合理安排毛刺、飛邊的 位置 ....................................... 52 第 4 章 結論 ............................................................. 54 參 考 文 獻 ............................................................. 55 致 謝 ................................................. 錯誤 !未定義書簽。機械零件制造結構設計是把零件設計得最大限度地滿足制造條件,即根據(jù)零件的功能進行理論設計及計算,并按照制造條件確定零件的結構。在功能相同的條件下,產(chǎn)品零件結構有利于制造時降低成本的關鍵。特別是機械、汽車制造業(yè)中是不可或缺的主要加工工藝。鍛件是由坯料(型鋼或鋼錠)經(jīng)加熱后鍛造而成的坯件。通常毛坯制造是:鑄造生產(chǎn)鑄件;鍛造生產(chǎn)鍛件;焊接生產(chǎn)焊件;擠壓生產(chǎn)擠壓件;沖壓生產(chǎn)沖壓件。 3 第 1 章 緒論