【正文】
非水化磷脂含量與大豆預(yù)處理及浸出的工藝條件有很大關(guān)系。即使采用水化酸煉脫膠并在脫色過程進(jìn)一步輔助脫除磷脂,%即相當(dāng)于5mg/kg的磷含量,而此量被認(rèn)為是物理精煉工藝蒸餾脫酸脫臭過程毛油中殘磷量的上限值[3],超過此值,將難以保證最終精煉油品的質(zhì)量。2 大豆預(yù)處理對油脂生產(chǎn)效果的影響 大豆預(yù)處理對其出油率及浸出操作的影響已為大家所共識,在此不再重述,下面主要討論大豆預(yù)處理對油脂精煉效能及生產(chǎn)過程能量消耗的影響。膨化物料浸出時(shí)可采用較小的溶劑比,可較生胚浸出時(shí)降低40%左右,∶1,使混合油濃度提高到30%以上。 對棉籽和菜籽等高含油料,還可以采取膨化預(yù)榨取油而后浸出的工藝。大豆生胚膨化浸出即對大豆進(jìn)行清理、破碎、軟化、軋胚、干燥后,再經(jīng)擠壓膨化,制成膨化顆粒,然后進(jìn)行浸出取油。這種工藝的特點(diǎn)是,預(yù)處理工藝流程簡短,設(shè)備投資少,但生胚中油料細(xì)胞破壞程度較小,生胚粉末度較大,浸出時(shí)料層對溶劑和混合油的滲透性及排泄性較差,因此浸出速率較低且濕粕含溶高。因此,了解并充分重視大豆預(yù)處理對大豆油脂生產(chǎn)工藝效果的影響,選用合理的大豆預(yù)處理工藝和操作條件,是提高大豆油脂生產(chǎn)工藝效果的重要內(nèi)容?! ∧壳埃覈椭I(yè)年加工能力大于油料年總產(chǎn)量,油脂產(chǎn)品市場競爭激烈,這就要求油脂加工廠在技術(shù)革新,節(jié)能降耗,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,降低生產(chǎn)成本上下功夫,以提高產(chǎn)品的市場競爭能力。關(guān)鍵詞 大豆預(yù)處理;油脂生產(chǎn);工藝效果分類號 TS224THE INFLUENCE OF SOYBEAN PRETREATMENTON THE RESULT OF SOYBEAN OIL AND FAT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYLiu Yulan(Food Engineering Department,Zhengzhou Grain College,Zhenzhou 450052)Absrtact The influencesof soybean pretreatment technology and processing conditions on the result of oil and fat production were related in this qualities of oil and fat products and byproducts were improved by pretreatment technology of soybean decoration,wet heat treating soybean embryo,and squeezing and swelling,at the same time,the consumption of energy and solvent was ,it is a developmental tendency for pretreatment technology in soybean oil and fat production in the future.Key words soybean pretreatment。采用對大豆脫皮、對豆胚進(jìn)行濕熱處理和擠壓膨化的預(yù)處理工藝,并采用適當(dāng)?shù)牟僮鳁l件,可以提高油脂產(chǎn)品及其副產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,并降低能耗和溶劑消耗,是今后大豆油脂生產(chǎn)中預(yù)處理工藝的發(fā)展趨勢。我國大豆年產(chǎn)量約為1350萬