【正文】 前傾,肩胛骨部分幾乎接觸不到靠背, 因此,只有腰靠起支承作用, 一般無(wú)需設(shè)置肩靠。人就坐時(shí)，身體重量的大部分(約 80% )經(jīng)過(guò)臀部、背部隆起部分及其附著的肌肉壓在坐椅面上。不同用途的座椅, 兩點(diǎn)支承的作用不一樣。人體結(jié)構(gòu)在骨盆下面有兩塊圓骨，稱為坐骨結(jié)節(jié)。 理想的座椅應(yīng)當(dāng)使人坐著時(shí), 體重合理分布, 大腿平放, 雙足著地,上臂不負(fù)擔(dān)身體的重量, 肌肉放松,血液循環(huán)通暢, 姿態(tài)舒適。坐姿比立姿更有利于血液循環(huán)。 座椅的尺寸控制根據(jù)人機(jī)工程學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)小型客車座椅的尺寸控制。頭枕有整體式和可調(diào)式，可調(diào)式頭枕在結(jié)構(gòu)上可分為二位可調(diào)和四位可調(diào)?！?0176。座墊深度的設(shè)計(jì)原則是在充分利用靠背的情況下，使臀部得到合理支撐。為了提高舒適性和適合不同的駕駛員，靠背傾角應(yīng)為可調(diào)式。 CATIA 在本設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中的應(yīng)用基于上文中對(duì) CATIA 軟件的介紹，在本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中該軟件得到大量的應(yīng)用。 CATIA 軟件 CATIA 軟件簡(jiǎn)介CATIA 是法國(guó)達(dá)索公司的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)旗艦解決方案。這使得汽車產(chǎn)品可以直接從設(shè)計(jì)階段進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)階段。 意義現(xiàn)代人越來(lái)越多地的時(shí)間在汽車中度過(guò)，座椅的安全與舒適直接影響到人們的健康與安全。 本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 的研究?jī)?nèi)容和意義 研究?jī)?nèi)容汽車座椅作為汽車重要的組成部分之一，對(duì)其性能的要求越來(lái)越高，研究的領(lǐng)域也越來(lái)越廣。3).乘坐舒適設(shè)計(jì)的座椅必須能使乘客保持良好的坐姿，使其脊柱自然彎曲，保證合理的體壓分布并使其肌肉松弛，上體通向大腿的血管不受壓迫，血液循環(huán)正常；并具有腰椎依托感、腰背部貼和感和側(cè)向穩(wěn)定感。關(guān)鍵詞：座椅、人機(jī)工程學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)、靜力分析 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）IIAbstractCar seat is an important auto body parts, generally by the seat and its skeleton, and skeleton back, head and skeleton, and the corresponding orientation, regulators and other basic parts. Car seat system is used to driving in the car who support and facilitate the access and drive to ensure the operation of driving under the premise of providing effective seat driving system should expect to provide adjustable and longdistance driving fort. In the door closed, adjust the seat the entire trip, the seats should be suitable for operation of the system to carry out all the body driving control operation intuitive. At the same time protect the car seat is also part of vehicle safety performance. Car seat design and the quality of the reasonableness of a direct impact on passenger safety and fort.The bination of ergonomic design, as well as the main seat of the national standards for small passenger seat of the structural design and analysis. According to various parts of ergonomics to determine the size of the pletion of the structure adjustment, according to relevant national standards for the design of rational analysis and a static analysis.The design of the regulating agencies, including before and after adjusting the main body, a high degree of regulation of agencies and institutions regulating the design point of view, the design of its structure and working principle.The seat is designed to minivan production and provides a reference experiment, the actual production of a certain degree of guidance.Keywords: chairs, ergonomics, structure, static analysis本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）III目 錄第 1 章 緒 論 ...........................................................................................................1 小型客車座椅的功用及設(shè)計(jì)要求 ............................................................1 小型客車座椅的功用 .....................................................................1 小型客車座椅的設(shè)計(jì)要求 ..............................................................1 小型客車座椅結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................................................................2 本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的研究?jī)?nèi)容和意義 ................................................................2 研究?jī)?nèi)容 .........................................................................................2 意義 .................................................................................................2 CATIA 軟件 ................................................................................................3 CATIA 軟件簡(jiǎn)介 .............................................................................3 CATIA 在本設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中的應(yīng)用 .........................................................3第 2 章 座椅的方案設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................4 座椅的功能設(shè)計(jì)和尺寸控制 ....................................................................4 座椅的功能設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................4 座椅的尺寸控制 .............................................................................4第 3 章 小型客車座椅的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................10 座椅的骨架設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................10 小型客車座椅的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................12 前后調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理及相關(guān)計(jì)算 .......................................12 高度調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理及相關(guān)計(jì)算 .......................................13 角度調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理 ...........................................................14 小型客車駕駛員座椅骨架整體結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................15第 4 章 座椅骨架靜強(qiáng)度分析 ...............................................................................16 汽車座椅靜強(qiáng)度法規(guī) ..............................................................................16 有限元算法在汽車座椅安全性研究中的應(yīng)用 ......................................18 對(duì)座椅底座骨架進(jìn)行靜強(qiáng)度分析 ..........................................................19 建立底座骨架模型并指定材料 ...................................................19 進(jìn)入 CATIA 工程分析模塊并劃分網(wǎng)格 .....................................20 在靠背骨架上定義約束 ...............................................................20本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）IV 在底座骨架上施加載荷 ...............................................................20 計(jì)算求解 .......................................................................................21 結(jié)果分析 .......................................................................................22第 5 章 工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................23 導(dǎo)軌上板工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................23 連接塊工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................24 導(dǎo)軌滑道工藝過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................25第 6 章 結(jié)論 ...........................................................................................................27參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................28致 謝 .......................................................................................................................30附 錄Ⅰ ..........................................................................................