【正文】 rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual ，樸素直白，時(shí)而又氣勢磅礴，潑墨如水，為讀者留下了敘述自由悠閑的印象。 (III)Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾 .笛福 28. His quick mind, abundant energy and neverfailing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a 人的才智，充沛的精力，旺盛而持久的熱情總是使他在失敗后能重新站起。 25. Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. The next year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock 年，他出版了散文《論批評(píng)》，從此奠定了他在詩壇的地位。它的主旨是讓人們遵循基督教教義，并通要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 6 頁，共 34 頁 過不斷戰(zhàn)勝自身弱點(diǎn)與身外的邪惡來獲得拯救。 18. Jonathan Swift?s A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary .斯威夫特的《一個(gè)小小的建議》被公認(rèn)為英國文學(xué)史上諷刺作品的經(jīng)典。 14. The mid18th century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary formthe modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the mon English ，還興起一種嶄新的文學(xué)形式 英國現(xiàn)代小說，這種文學(xué)與傳統(tǒng)貴族的騎士文學(xué)相反，著重描寫英國普通百姓的生活。 the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed。 8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to ，邏輯，確切及情感 控制的基礎(chǔ)上，而文學(xué)作品的價(jià)值評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該看它是否為人文主義服務(wù)。他們大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(16601798)新古典主義 1. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of ，這一時(shí)期是矛盾與價(jià)值觀分歧的時(shí)期。 49. It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of 基督自愿獻(xiàn)身開辟了道路，這也顯示出上帝欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來的同情心。 46. Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson 大詩作：《失樂園》《復(fù)樂園》和《力士參孫》。 42. In his gloomy poem “Farewell to love,” we can see his 《告別愛情》中，我們就可以感受到他對(duì)愛情幻想的破滅。 38. Of Studies 論學(xué)習(xí) “ Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.”讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)敏，寫作使人嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。 34. According to Bacon, man?s understanding consists of three parts: history to man?s memory, poetry to man?s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man?s ，人類的認(rèn)識(shí)與學(xué)問分為三部分：基于人類回憶的歷史學(xué)，基于人 類想象力創(chuàng)造力的詩歌與基于人類理性的哲學(xué)。 30. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in ，文學(xué)形式及語言技巧方面受到他的影響。 25. Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in mon. Each portrays some noble ：《哈姆雷特》《奧賽羅》 《李爾王》《麥克白》 26. “The King?s government must be carried on”—but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變” 但是這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國家利益的，而不是只為國王自己服務(wù)。 21. Shakespeare?s sons are the only direct expression of the poet?s own 成果。兩部喜劇是《終成眷屬》和《一報(bào)還一報(bào)》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V。 15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English 獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的，為此，它被后世尊為英國戲劇的先驅(qū)。 II, , The Jew of Malta and Edward “大學(xué)才子”中最富才華的人，在他短暫的一生中，他完成了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。 9. Francis Bacon (15611626), the first important English .培根是英國歷史上最重要的散文家。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan son into 。要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 1 頁，共 34 頁 Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period（ 14 世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期 1. Humanism is the essence of the 。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托馬斯 .摩爾，克利斯朵夫 .馬洛和威廉 .莎士比亞是英國人文主義的代表。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben .馬洛，威廉 .莎士比亞與本 .約翰遜。 (II)Christopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫 .馬洛 12. As the most gifted of the “University Wits,” Marlowe posed six plays within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I amp。 14. Marlowe?s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English 創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英雄形象。 and four edies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s ，他創(chuàng)作了五部歷史?。骸逗嗬馈?，《理查三世》，《泰托斯 .安東尼》以及四部喜?。骸跺e(cuò)誤的喜劇》，《維洛那二紳士》，《馴悍記》和《愛的徒勞》。 19. Shakespeare?s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his socalled dark edies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two edies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for 黑色喜?。ɑ虮矂。?，悲劇有：《哈姆雷特》，《奧賽羅》，《李爾王》《麥克白》《安東尼與克利奧佩特拉》《特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)》及《克里奧拉那斯》。他最后兩部劇是《亨利八世》與《魯克麗斯受辱記》。 24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing 《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中，頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛的忠貞及對(duì)幸福的追求。 29. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present ，沒有一個(gè)作家能與莎士比亞媲美，他對(duì)后世文學(xué)家的潛移默化也是無可估量的。 Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of ：第一類中最重要的作品有《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》（用英文著述）《新工具》（是《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》的拉丁文增補(bǔ)版） 33. One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other is the knowledge from the workings of human ：一種是通過神的啟示獲得的知識(shí)，另一種是通過人類用腦思考而獲得的知識(shí)。 37. The essays are wellarranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and 大量使用了《圣經(jīng)》的典故，隱喻和基調(diào)。 41. The Sons and Sons, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics.《歌與短歌》是鄧恩最有名的詩集，囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛情詩作。 45. Milton?s literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great ：早期詩作，中期的散文小冊子和后期的偉大詩作。 48. Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including 界，其中也包括罪惡。 52. Paradise Lost:人類由于理性不強(qiáng)，意志薄弱，經(jīng)不起考驗(yàn)，暗示英國資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命失敗的原因。 4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and 。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域，啟蒙主義運(yùn)動(dòng)還使人們重新對(duì)古