【正文】 d of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and 模仿與同化的階段。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all 為文藝復興的起源是因 為古希臘羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and 到充足的論據(jù)，來贊美人性，并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命，人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be bined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high 傳統(tǒng)習俗的熟練運用，語言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式），組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動的表現(xiàn)出來。 11. It is Spenser?s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets? poet.”正是斯賓塞的理想主義，對美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩文韻律是他成為“詩人中的詩人”。 13. Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English ，并使之成為英國戲劇中最重要的文體形式。 (III)William Shakespeare 威廉 .莎士比亞 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus。 and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius ，他寫了五部歷史劇：《理查二世》，《約翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜劇《仲夏夜之夢》， 《威尼斯商人》，《無事生非》，《皆大歡喜》，《第十二夜》，《溫莎的風流娘兒們》，還有兩部悲?。骸读_密歐與朱麗葉》和《裘利斯 .凱撒》。 and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Rape of 有浪漫悲喜?。骸恫锟死贰缎涟琢帧贰抖斓墓适隆放c《暴風雨》。 23. In his romantic edies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full ，莎士比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對待愛情與青春，并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。 要點中英文對照版 第 3 頁，共 34 頁 28. He holds that literature should be a bination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.他認為文學應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合，應(yīng)該反映天性與現(xiàn)實。 (IV)Francis Bacon 弗蘭西斯 .培根 32. The most import works of his first group include The Advancement of Learning, Written in English。 36. Bacon?s essays are famous for their brevity, pactness and ，緊湊，有力度而著名。 40. His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and ，展示了看上去零散多樣的經(jīng)歷與觀念，以及漫無邊際的情感與心境。 (VI)John Milton 約翰 .彌爾頓 44. he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human 戰(zhàn)的思要點中英文對照版 第 4 頁，共 34 頁 想。在沉淪之中，亞當發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。 51. In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose 正的革命精神和非凡 的詩歌才華。 3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic 是用當代哲學與藝術(shù)思想的晨光啟迪整個世界。 6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel .德萊頓，亞歷山大 .蒲柏，約瑟夫 .艾迪森與理查 .斯蒂爾（這兩位是現(xiàn)代散文的先驅(qū)），喬納森 .斯威夫特，丹尼爾 .迪福，理查 .，亨利 .費爾丁和塞繆爾 .約翰遜。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of ，新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。 12. But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English literature. (套話 )但新古典主義對英國文學史產(chǎn)生過持久的全面的影響。 16. From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classic literary tradition to originality and imagination, from society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional, inspirational and prophetic. 從十八世紀中葉至十八世紀末，還出現(xiàn)了古典文學傳統(tǒng)向獨創(chuàng)性與豐富聯(lián)想性的轉(zhuǎn)移，社會描寫向個性描寫的轉(zhuǎn)移，說教向懺悔，鼓勵及預(yù)示的轉(zhuǎn)移。 20. he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his ，情節(jié)鮮明真實，連沒受過教育的人也能享受到閱讀他的作品的樂趣。 24. For him the supreme value was ordercosmic order, political order, social order, aesthetic order, and this emphasis on order found expression in all of his 宇宙秩序，政治秩序，社 會秩序，美學秩序。 26. Pope was the greatest poet of his time. He strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum. 蒲伯是當時最偉大的詩人，他大力提倡新古典主義，強調(diào)文學作品的優(yōu)劣應(yīng)由古典的秩序尺度，理性，邏輯，情感的 克制，高雅的品位以及是否體面，正派來衡量。 30. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hardworking, study middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate ，他都表達了對勤勞，堅強的中產(chǎn)階級的贊譽，以及對破落不幸的窮苦人的同情。 34. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is mon English at its ，完全是大眾英語。這兩篇作品奠定了他在諷刺作品中的地位。 40. His “A Modest Proposal ” is generally taken as a perfect 《一個溫和的建議》被認為是一篇完善的典范。 43. Swift?s chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapier’s Letters(note:Drapier=Swift, alias), Gulliver?s Travels and A Modest 《桶的故事》，《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》，《德拉皮爾的信》，《格列佛游記》和《一個溫和的建議》。 47. Henry Fielding is the first 18th century English novelist to write “ic epic in prose,” whose subject is “the true ridiculous” in human nature. “散文體喜劇史詩”，主題是人類本性中的荒唐，對人性進行了真實的諷刺。 51. the purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct, the object of novel was to present a faithful picture of life, “the just copies of human manners,” with sound teaching woven into their texture, so as to teach men to know themselves, their properspheres and appropriate manners.，小說不僅供娛樂，而且更有教育意義，他的小說的主旨是要真實地展示生活，使之成為“人類態(tài)度的完整拷貝”，并將說教巧妙的引入作品，教導人們認識自己，尋求適宜的人生態(tài)度 。 55. Fielding ?s language is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm, and his structure carefully planed toward an inevitable 言自然流暢，通俗易懂，同時又栩栩如生并富有活力，他的句子以邏輯性和韻律性見長，小說結(jié)尾總是水到渠成，順理成章。 59. In his famous Literary Club, where he was surrounded with respect by the elite of the l