【正文】 要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 1 頁(yè)，共 34 頁(yè) Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period（ 14 世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期 1. Humanism is the essence of the 。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all 為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因 為古希臘羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and 到充足的論據(jù)，來贊美人性，并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命，人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托馬斯 .摩爾，克利斯朵夫 .馬洛和威廉 .莎士比亞是英國(guó)人文主義的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan son into 。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and 模仿與同化的階段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be bined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high 傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用，語言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式），組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)出來。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben .馬洛，威廉 .莎士比亞與本 .約翰遜。 9. Francis Bacon (15611626), the first important English .培根是英國(guó)歷史上最重要的散文家。 (I)Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 .斯賓塞 10. the theme of The Faerie Queene is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic“Fierce wars and faithful loves.”《仙后》的主題并非“男人與武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘酷戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與忠貞愛情” 。 11. It is Spenser?s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets? poet.”正是斯賓塞的理想主義，對(duì)美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩(shī)文韻律是他成為“詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人”。 (II)Christopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫 .馬洛 12. As the most gifted of the “University Wits,” Marlowe posed six plays within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I amp。 II, , The Jew of Malta and Edward “大學(xué)才子”中最富才華的人，在他短暫的一生中，他完成了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。其中最負(fù)盛名的是：《帖木爾》，《浮士德博士的悲劇》，《馬耳他島的猶太人》以及《愛德華二世》。 13. Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English ，并使之成為英國(guó)戲劇中最重要的文體形式。 14. Marlowe?s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English 創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英雄形象。 15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English 獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的，為此，它被后世尊為英國(guó)戲劇的先驅(qū)。 16. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《多情的牧羊人致情人》 《牧羊人戀歌》 要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 2 頁(yè)，共 34 頁(yè) This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English 最優(yōu)美的抒情詩(shī)。 (III)William Shakespeare 威廉 .莎士比亞 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus。 and four edies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s ，他創(chuàng)作了五部歷史劇：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯 .安東尼》以及四部喜劇：《錯(cuò)誤的喜劇》，《維洛那二紳士》，《馴悍記》和《愛的徒勞》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V。 six edies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor。 and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius ，他寫了五部歷史劇：《理查二世》，《約翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜劇《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》， 《威尼斯商人》，《無事生非》，《皆大歡喜》，《第十二夜》，《溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們》，還有兩部悲?。骸读_密歐與朱麗葉》和《裘利斯 .凱撒》。 19. Shakespeare?s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his socalled dark edies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two edies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for 黑色喜?。ɑ虮矂。?，悲劇有：《哈姆雷特》，《奧賽羅》，《李爾王》《麥克白》《安東尼與克利奧佩特拉》《特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)》及《克里奧拉那斯》。兩部喜劇是《終成眷屬》和《一報(bào)還一報(bào)》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare?s work includes his principle romantic tragiedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest。 and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Rape of 有浪漫悲喜劇：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》與《暴風(fēng)雨》。他最后兩部劇是《亨利八世》與《魯克麗斯受辱記》。 21. Shakespeare?s sons are the only direct expression of the poet?s own 成果。 22. Shakespeare?s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a ：在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下的國(guó)家，統(tǒng)一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic edies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full ，莎士比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對(duì)待愛情與青春，并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。 24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing 《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中，頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛的忠貞及對(duì)幸福的追求。 25. Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in mon. Each portrays some noble ：《哈姆雷特》《奧賽羅》 《李爾王》《麥克白》 26. “The King?s government must be carried on”—but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國(guó)王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變” 但是這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國(guó)家利益的，而不是只為國(guó)王自己服務(wù)。 27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek fort in his ，他才無力尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會(huì)痼疾的靈丹妙藥，最后，他作為人文主義所能做的唯一事情便是逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)，從夢(mèng)幻中找安慰。 要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 3 頁(yè)，共 34 頁(yè) 28. He holds that literature should be a bination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.他認(rèn)為文學(xué)應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合，應(yīng)該反映天性與現(xiàn)實(shí)。 29. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present ，沒有一個(gè)作家能與莎士比亞媲美，他對(duì)后世文學(xué)家的潛移默化也是無可估量的。 30. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in ，文學(xué)形式及語言技巧方面受到他的影響。 31. Son 18 is one of the most beautiful sons written by 詩(shī)。 (IV)Francis Bacon 弗蘭西斯 .培根 32. The most import works of his first group in