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用復(fù)數(shù),但是下面用and連接的主語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)概念,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù): law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 針線 trial and error 反復(fù)嘗試,不斷摸索 horse and carriage 馬車 time and tide 歲月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰,潮漲潮落 如: If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was d. were 答案:A。把握主謂一致問(wèn)題,考生主要解決的是對(duì)不同結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)的認(rèn)定,進(jìn)而選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)。 代詞指代一致必須注意以下幾個(gè)原則和規(guī)律: 1.鄰近和靠近原則 由either … or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)連接先行詞時(shí)候,如果兩個(gè)先行詞在數(shù)和性上保持一致,就用其相應(yīng)的一直的人稱代詞;如果兩個(gè)先行詞在數(shù)或性上不一致,人稱代詞一般與鄰近的先行詞在數(shù)和性上保持一致。如: For him to be reelected, what is essential is not that his policy works , but that the public believe that it does. 二.代詞指代一致問(wèn)題 代詞指代一致是指指代的名詞在性、數(shù)、格上是否一致,或者所照應(yīng)的名詞詞組在某些方面保持一致。 No bread eaten by men is so sweet as that earned by his own labor. 2.one的指代作用 one指代帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)為ones。 1)rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞,但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法形式相同的成分。rather than有的是同類對(duì)比:and 。如不能說(shuō):John runs faster than 。答案為B B) no/not any more…than…兩者一樣都不…… The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. [A] not so [B]not much [C]much more [D] no more (心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力,他們都受大腦控制。如: The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half . [A] of last year’s [B]those of last year’s [C]of those of last year [D] that of last year’s (前后相比的應(yīng)該是今年和去年注冊(cè)參加的人數(shù)“the number of”故代替它的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”,而不能選擇B,those是指代participants,不是同類對(duì)比,答案為D。 Your hair wants cutting The book is worth reading The floor requires washing. 2.need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ,兩種形式都表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意義 The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted. The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.(二) 形容詞、副詞及比較級(jí)最高級(jí) 一.形容詞的修飾與位置 一般來(lái)說(shuō),從構(gòu)詞法角度來(lái)看,后綴”ly”往往是副詞,但有的以“l(fā)y’結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,這點(diǎn)要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)等成份,但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語(yǔ)和只能做前置定語(yǔ);這些形容詞在修飾時(shí)候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意,下面做了一下歸納: 1 以ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞: costly 昂貴的 lonely 孤獨(dú)的 deadly 死一般的 lively 活潑的 friendly 友好的 silly 傻氣的 kindly 熱心腸的 likely 可能的 leisurely 悠閑的 ugly 長(zhǎng)得丑的 brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的 earthly 塵世的 2 只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語(yǔ): afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的 awake 醒著的 alone 單獨(dú)的,惟一的 alive 活著的 ashamed 羞愧的 asleep 睡著的 aware 意識(shí)到的、察覺(jué)到的 well 健康的 content 滿意的 unable 無(wú)能的 3 只作前置定語(yǔ)的形容詞 earthen 泥土做的,大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后面的 golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inner 里面的 silken 絲一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的 wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年長(zhǎng)的 woolen 毛織的 former 前任的 mere 僅,只不過(guò) only 惟一的 sheer 純粹的 very 恰好的 little 小的 live 活的 4.下列動(dòng)詞既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又是系動(dòng)詞,注意用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí),要求形容詞做表語(yǔ): remain keep bee, get, grow, go, e, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。 The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized . 3) .usedn’t 或did’t use to 為used to (do) 的否定式。如: It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist firsttime office automation managers. 二.幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞??嫉木湫停?1).may/might (just) as well “不妨,最好”,與had better相近; Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. 既然航班已經(jīng)取消了,你不妨乘火車吧。 3) ought to have +過(guò)去分詞,表示動(dòng)作按理該發(fā)生了,但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生,譯為“該……”,與should 的完成式含義類似。 1) needn’t have + 過(guò)去分詞,表示做了不必做的事,相當(dāng)于”didn’t need to do”,譯為“其實(shí)沒(méi)必要……”。如: My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?” [A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be (答案為C) 2)can’t / couldn’t have+過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè),譯為“(昨天)一定沒(méi)……”。might/mightn’t。在這兩個(gè)方面must/mustn’t,。最新下載() 中國(guó)最大、最專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)資料下載站 轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)保留本信息從2002年起,研究生英語(yǔ)考試取消了語(yǔ)法、詞匯等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查,將此部分改考為聽力。 (一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成式的用法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成式主要有兩個(gè)功能:表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況和表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。may/mayn’t。 1)must have+過(guò)去分詞,表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè),譯為“(昨天)一定……”。如: At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. 2.表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 I should have planned everything ahead carefully. 我本來(lái)應(yīng)該事先認(rèn)真地把每件事情規(guī)劃的很好,但實(shí)際上作者還是沒(méi)有規(guī)劃好,以至工作沒(méi)有完成。如: What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully. 5) may/ might have +過(guò)去分詞,表示過(guò)去可以做但實(shí)際未做,譯為“(那樣)也許會(huì)……”。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannot…over….如: You cannot be too careful when you drive a ,越小心越好。 三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)關(guān)系的主動(dòng)表達(dá)法 1. want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。答案為A On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition. 2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念,既是說(shuō)比較要具有可比性。如 Today it is even colder than yesterday I have yet more exciting news for you 7) 有關(guān)比較級(jí)的特殊句型: A): not so much…as…與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)…… The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. [A] and [B] as [C]but