【正文】 appropriate translation techniques within the context rather than indulge in abstract talk about translation theories.Chapter 2 An Investigation of Translation Theories PreWTO Legal TextsIn the period from 1947 to 1986 there were a number of agreements which developed the basis for international trade relations. The original General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which incorporated relevant sections of the Havana Charter, was negotiated in 1947 and came into force in 1948. Subsequent years saw a series of eight negotiating rounds under the GATT, until the launch of the Uruguay Round in 1986[4] From [4]. They are as follows:Havana Charter The United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, held in Havana, Cuba, in 1947, adopted the Havana Charter for the International Trade Organization which was meant to establish a multilateral trade organization. For various reasons, the charter never came into force.GATT 1947 Pending the entry into force of the Havana Charter, a mechanism was needed to implement and protect the tariff concessions negotiated in 1947. To do so, it was decided to take the Chapter on Commercial Policy of the Havana Charter and convert it, with certain additions, into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. To bring the GATT into force quickly, a Protocol of Provisional Application was developed. Thus, the GATT was born. The GATT 1947 Agreement was brought into the Uruguay Round agreements by GATT 1994.Tokyo Round Codes The Tokyo Round negotiations (19731979) developed agreements on antidumping measures, government procurement, technical barriers to trade and other nontariff measures which were known as “codes”.Kennedy Round Codes The Kennedy Round negotiations (196467) produced an agreement, also known as a code, on multilateral rules for antidumping.Decision on Differential and More Favorable Treatment, Reciprocity and Fuller Participation of Developing Countries (Enabling clause) 1979. Background InformationABSTRACTThe past three years after China’s accession to the WTO has witnessed both the impact and the opportunities for this nation. At the same time, the demand for translating the WTO documents has surged in the nation wide. This thesis investigates the linguistic features of the WTO documents and aims to present a systematic frame of techniques for the translation of the WTO documents. It consists of five chapters. Chapter One is a brief introduction, which presents the background information about the WTO, the categories of the WTO documents, the significance of the translation, and study methods. Chapter Two is devoted to an investigation of translation theories. Chapter Three focuses on the linguistic features of the WTO Documents. Chapter Four discusses the criteria for translation and eight techniques in the translation of the WTO Documents. The last chapter draws a general conclusion for the whole thesis.最后一章為整篇論文作出結(jié)論。第一章為簡介，介紹世界貿(mào)易組織的背景，WTO文件的內(nèi)容，本課題的研究意義以及研究方法。摘要中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織已近三年，其間既有沖擊也帶來了機遇。 本文共分五章。第四章討論翻譯的標準以及八項翻譯技巧在WTO文件翻譯中的應(yīng)用。Chapter 1 Introduction the civilians will pay attention to the economic activities in their daily life. As a result, China will deepen its reform and open wider to the rest of the world. In turn, this economy “is bound to enhance global economic cooperation”[1] Mike Moore, November 2001 [1].So far only a few books can be counted for authorized translated legal texts in this field, and fewer still, if any, has made study on relevant translation skills. One of them is The Legal Texts: The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, published by Law Press in October 2001. The title of this book indicates that WTO documents are mainly legal texts in respect of trade and economy. That has imposed great difficulties on translators. A study on the unique features of the WTO documents and the translations techniques is no doubt helpful to the important task of translating such documents. And that is exactly what this paper is meant to do based on the abovementioned authorized works. The World Trade OrganizationThe World Trade Organization came into being in 1995 as the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) created in the wake of the Second World War. Both the GATT and the WTO have helped to create a strong and prosperous trading system contributing to unprecedented growth. The system was developed through a series of trade negotiations, or rounds, held under GATT. The early rounds dealt mainly with tariff reductions but later negotiations included other areas such as antidumping and nontariff measures. The Uruguay Round, from 1986 to 1994, led to the WTO’s creation.In brief, the World Trade Organization is the only international organization dealing with global trade rules between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.[2] 劉光溪，張學森主編，Selected Readings on the WTO《WTO英文選讀》，P. 2[2]Decisions in the WTO are typically taken by consensus among all members and they are ratified by members’ parliaments. Trade friction is channeled into the dispute settlement process of the WTO, focusing on interpreting agreements and mitments, and on ensuring that trade policies in those countries confirm with them. In that way, the risk of dispute spilling over into political or military conflict is reduced. By lowering trade barriers, the system also breaks down other barriers between peoples and nations.At the heart of the systemknown as the multilateral trading systemare the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations, and ratified by in their parliaments. These agreements are the legal basesrules for international merce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing members trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their