【正文】 tract terminology. Here is another example:Original 2: In consideration of you making a loan available to the borrower A, we hereby issue this guarantee for the account of the borrower A and agree as follows:Target: 鑒于你方向借款人A提供了一筆貸款，我行特此為借款人A出具保函并保證如下：In the translating the above fragment of IBC, the translator is very cautious in his choice of words for the Chinese version, particularly with regard to the rendering of the underlined parts of the original: instead of using “考慮到” to render “in consideration of”, the translator employs “鑒于” which is more formal and more monly used in similar official contract documents in Chinese。 “thereto” here means “to that” which translated into “與此” or “與之”.Original 2: “Products” means any and all agricultural products or any products derived therefrom.Target: “產(chǎn)品”一詞，系指一切農(nóng)產(chǎn)品或由此衍生的任何產(chǎn)品。 (2) pleteness of translated text. As it has been mentioned before, IBC concern the economic interests of all contracting parties and are enforced by law, contractual translation should be faithful and accurate. That means the translated text should be strictly faithful to the source text and the translators cannot add or cut anything at will to the translated content. Moreover, he or she should, especially, pay more attention to those business terms and professional legal terms. Instead of taking for granted, translators should adopt careful and cautious attitude to translate those words.The second criterion is Expressiveness and Smoothness. It requires translators express what they have understood from contracts by employing normative and smooth language which also conform to contractual language requirement. Because contract English belong to the solemn style, translators are not allowed to handle wording randomly. Hence, in order to fulfill the standard of expressiveness and smoothness of contract language, translators should apply contract words normatively, which abide by the ways accepted through mon practice. analysis of EC translation of IBCBased on the discussion on contract language in the first part and the criteria for contractual translation in the second part, now it is time to fractionize the above macroelements of contract concerned into the microlevelspractical analysis of EC translation of IBC.Though employing the “topdown procedure”, some EC translation techniques of IBC are to be explored in the functionalist approach. In the following discussions, lexical level and syntactic level are to be covered in detail. Lexical levelThe scope of vocabulary applied in IBC is extremely wide, totally different from that in ordinary English. Only be aware of and accumulate those distinct characteristics of words application in IBC can translators meet the requirement to the contractual translation. Following four lexical features of IBC will be introduced and their practical EC translation in IBC will be analyzed one by one. Translation of synonymsThe coordination of all types of synonyms or near synonyms is easily found in IBC. They are usually connected by “and”/ “or” to express the same meaning. This way of wording expresses a concept more exactly and makes the provision more clear and intelligible, so as to eliminate ambiguous meaning, possible loopholes and conflicts on obligations and to ensure absolute accuracy as well. However, one concept, more often than not, in Chinese contract documents is just expressed by a single word or term. Hence, in the EC translation, it is mon to translate the concept expressed by the coordination of synonyms in English into one term in Chinese to serve the same functions as the original text. For example,1 coordination of noun synonyms: terms and conditions 條款 force and effect 效力2 coordination of verb synonyms: make and sign 簽訂 fulfill and perform 履行3 coordination of adjective synonyms: null and void 無效 final and conclusive 最終4 coordination of pronoun synonyms: each and every 每 all and any 所有5 coordination of preposition synonyms: by and between 與 save and except 除了The examples of coordination of synonyms translation in sentence will enrich the discussion.Original 1: This agreement and any rights or obligation hereunder are not transferable or assignable by one party to this agreement without the consent of the other party hereto. Target: 本協(xié)議以及本協(xié)議所規(guī)定的權(quán)力或義務(wù)不經(jīng)另一方同意不得擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓。 they are very formal and impersonal, which gives no sense of emotional feeling, personal opinions and judgments. They leave an impression of objectivity and impartiality on people.補全這個標(biāo)題！As a subvariety of legal language, contract language is an important branch of legal language. Being a language for special purpose, contract language has its distinctive linguistic features solemnity, preciseness and accuracy. criteriaAs long as we set some criteria or norms in doing something, we can master the rules to perform well and perfect our work. This is true of translation. The criteria of translation have been set by many profound experts, thus, only have the knowledge of those standards can we perform translation well. General translation criteriaGeneral translation criteria refer to the principles that translators must abide by during translation practices, which also are the rules to assess the quality of translated text. Translation criteria have been set as paramount standards for translators to pursue.For a long time, there are many translators and scholars bring forward a variety of translation criteria. In China, the wellacknowledged principles for translation should be contributed by Yan Fu, which is the formulation of his classic tripartite standard for excellence in translation, namely Xin, Da, Ya, or Faithfulness, Expressiveness, and Elegance in English.Xin, or Faithfulness in English, is considered as the first pri