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中學(xué)英語語法分類復(fù)習(xí)-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 要借助含 be 的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示延續(xù)的狀態(tài)。yet, up to now, today, this month, lately, recently, so far, ever since, in the last / past few years 等。clock tomorrow. He will be working then. 七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,但與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān),即用一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作來說明現(xiàn)在的 情況。ll see/be seeing him about it tomorrow.)在有些情況下和一般將來時(shí)可換用,但它顯得更委婉( When will you e/be ing?)。 六、將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 由“助動(dòng)詞 shall(第一人稱) /will(第二、 三人稱) + be +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,(美國英語一律用 will)。如: ① I was reading a novel when he came in. ② What were you doing at eight yesterday? ③ I was watching TV all evening. ④ We were cleaning the classroom from 8 to 9. ★ (1)敘述故事時(shí) ,常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來描寫故事發(fā)生的背景。如果用一般過去時(shí) ,就會(huì)給人印象:你已經(jīng)做完這個(gè)動(dòng)作。 ⑤ Here/There 引起的句中常以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 ▲短暫動(dòng)詞除用進(jìn)行式表反復(fù)的動(dòng)作或表將來外,不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。s feeling very bad. ③ 連系動(dòng)詞 be 的一般時(shí)即有進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義 ,所以 be 一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí),但若表示 “暫時(shí)的或故意的行為 ”也可以用進(jìn)行時(shí),此時(shí)常與這些形容詞連用: brave, careless, careful, clever, foolish, friendly, faithful, funny, gentle, good, helpful, impatient, jealous, kind, talkative, stubborn, polite 等。 She feels worse 。 ⑤ 其他動(dòng)詞: appear(出現(xiàn)) , concern(關(guān)心) , consist(包括) , contain(包含) , matter(要緊) , cost(花費(fèi)) , seem(似乎是) ,remain(依然) , fit(合適) , suit(適宜) ,等。 ① 表感覺的 : see(看見) , look(看上去) , feel/ find(覺得), hear(聽見) , notice(覺察到) , smell(聞起來) , sound(聽起來) , taste(嘗起來) 等。m staying there for two weeks. 5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞 always, all the time, forever, constantly, continuously等詞連用,往往表贊揚(yáng)、埋 怨、氣憤或厭惡等情緒。t mention this when you are talking with him. 你和他談話時(shí)不要提這件事。m doing some washing. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法: 1)說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如: We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now. The meeting is about to begin. 8)該時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)用來表示揣測: That man in the middle will be the visiting minister.或容量: The hall will seat 500 people. 9)shall, will 還有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法(參見“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”部分)。如: He is to give us a talk. (=He is going to give us a talk.) The medicine is to be taken three times a day. Where am I to put these books? You are to clean the room. He would not listen to me, so he is to fail. 7) “be about to +動(dòng)詞原形 ”表示 “就要 還可表示“注定會(huì) m going to finish the work this week. I am going to call on an old friend of mine. It39。t work. This plan won39。 A drowning man will catch a straw. Crops will die without water. 6 Accidents will 。ll try to do better. I39。美國英語中不管什么人稱均用 will。如: 5 ① He is no longer what he used to be. ② He used to walk after supper, didn39。但前者暗示 “現(xiàn)在已不再 He will never be what he used to be. 3)在 口語 中 want, hope, wish, wonder, think 等動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的一種委婉的語氣或一種試探性的態(tài)度。行為動(dòng)詞一律用過去式,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 Mr. Li cried out with great surprise, “What! My son e here! 4 李先生驚奇地喊道: “什么!我的兒子到這兒來了?! ” 8)在口 語中,它間或可以表示一個(gè) 已經(jīng)發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作 (這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在說話人心目中處于很不重要的地位) ,能這樣用的動(dòng)作不多,如: say, tell, hear, read, fet, answer 等: They say Jack is back. Is that true? I fet where he lives. Oh, you answer quite well. He tells me you39。 Here she es. Here es the bus. There goes the bell. 6)電影說明 /劇情介紹 /新聞標(biāo)題 /小說章節(jié)題目 /動(dòng)作解說,特別是電視說詞 /圖片說明 /劇本動(dòng)作說明 /戲劇性描繪 (主要用于小說或報(bào)道文 字中,由過去時(shí)突然轉(zhuǎn)為現(xiàn)在時(shí),使劇情顯得歷歷在目)。 I’ll make sure (that) the car’s 。ll go shopping together. I will go to play if it is fine this afternoon. When you are talking with him, don39。如: She is an English teacher. We always care for each other. He gets up at six every day. Tom does homework every evening. 2)表示主語的特征、能力、性格、身份等。t. 另外,英國人口語常用 have(has) got 代替 have( has),其否定式常以 haven39。 I haven39。 動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式: ①動(dòng)詞 be 除第一人稱單數(shù)用 am,第三人稱單數(shù)用 is 外,其余一律用 are. ②動(dòng)詞 have 除第三人稱單數(shù)用 has 外,其余全用 have。 動(dòng)詞各時(shí)態(tài)名稱如下 : 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 完成進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去 一般過去時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來 一般將來時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來完成時(shí) 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去將來 一般過去將來時(shí) 過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去將來完成時(shí) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 各時(shí)態(tài)的英語表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu) (以 write 為例) : 一 般 進(jìn)行 完成 完成進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在 write, writes am/is/are writing have/has written have/has been writing 過去 wrote was/were writing had written had been writing 將來 shall/will write shall/will be writing shall/will have written shall/will have been writing 過去將來 should/would write should/would be writing should/would have written should/would have been writing 各時(shí)態(tài)用法說明 一 . 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示,但第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞后要加 s 或 es,另外, be 和 have 有特殊的人稱形式。 從種類上看英語有 16 種時(shí)態(tài),而其中常用的有 11
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