【正文】 careful, clever, foolish, friendly, faithful, funny, gentle, good, helpful, impatient, jealous, kind, talkative, stubborn, polite 等。 ⑤ Here/There 引起的句中常以一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。如： ① I was reading a novel when he came in. ② What were you doing at eight yesterday? ③ I was watching TV all evening. ④ We were cleaning the classroom from 8 to 9. ★ (1)敘述故事時 ,常用過去進行時來描寫故事發(fā)生的背景。ll see/be seeing him about it tomorrow.)在有些情況下和一般將來時可換用，但它顯得更委婉（ When will you e/be ing?)。yet, up to now, today, this month, lately, recently, so far, ever since, in the last / past few years 等。 He has been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I have seen the film. 說明 ①現(xiàn)在完成時常與 lately, recently, so far, already, these days, ever,just,up to now 等表時間的副詞或時間短語連用。 I haven39。ll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder fixed. 這里用現(xiàn)在完成時是表示這動作將在 另一動作之前完成，如果兩個動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生，一般就不用這個時態(tài)。 It is the first time that I have seen so much money. 這是我頭一次看到這么多的錢 。 I have worked here for ten years. ，但肯定句中不接 since/for 引出的表示 時間段 的狀語 （否定句中可以） 。 It was five years since the building had been painted. 這樓有五年沒刷了。但是我太忙了。但 after 從句中的動作可用一般過去時代替過去完成時，含 before 從句的主句中，也用一般過去時就行： When he arrived at the station, the train had left. =After the train (had)left, he arrived at the station.= The train left before he arrived at the station. ④ “ by +過去時間”作狀語 ,謂動常用過去完成時。 九、將來完成時 由“ shall(will) + have done”構(gòu)成。等，如 ： ① By the end of next month, I shall have learned 100 texts. ② We will have built the bridge by the time he es back next year. ③ By this time tomorrow, I shall have finished the work. 十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時 由 have(has) + been doing構(gòu)成。ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. I have been waiting for you for two hours. It has been raining. What have you been doing all the morning? I have been watering the flowers in the garden. I have been reading Lu Xun this week. 注意 現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去或開始于過去，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進行時的動作開始于過去，強調(diào)延續(xù)或直接結(jié)果。 would do 也可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作 （此時不管無論什么人稱都用 would） ，前面常有一個時間狀語說明在什么情況下往往如此。在時間或條件狀語從句中需要用過去完成時來代 16 替它。用法如下： She doesn’t know where he will go. ②。如： He said he was ing. I told him I was leaving. ※ 十三 .過去將來進行時 （如： should/would be writing)表從過去某時看，將來某時將正在進行的動作或預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作。 還用 were/was going to do, were/was to do, were/was about to do, were/was dong 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。漢語經(jīng)常譯作“一直”。 On arriving, he had a sip of tea, took off his coat, and started to clean the room. ④ 在以 since 引起的狀語從句中用一般過去時較多，有時也用過去完成時： The girl had changed considerably since I had seen her. ⑤敘述過去發(fā)生的事情時，有時可以用過去完成時來追敘或補敘更早發(fā)生的事。 I hope to have finished by 。 I meant to phone you, but I fot.（尤美） 我本想打電話給你，可是我忘了。如： ① By the end of 1960, we had built 100 schools. ② I had learned some English words before I went to school. ③ He said he had known it. ④ When I had finished my work, I took a rest. ⑤ I had gone out by the time he came here. ⑥ He told me that he had suffered a great deal before. 注意 ① It was +時段 +since 從句。 It must have rained last night. ⑧現(xiàn)在完成時與延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。ll leave as soon as it stops/has stopped raining. I39。 It was years since I had seen 。 ② since＋延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，從該動作結(jié)束時算起。 He has tasted it. 他嘗過 /他已經(jīng)嘗了。口語中它常用來表示預(yù)計即將或勢必要發(fā)生的動作。此外 ,和現(xiàn)在進行時一 9 樣 ,過去進行時可以用來代替一般過去時 ,表示贊美 /厭惡等情緒而帶有感情色彩。s leadership/under discussion/in use/on one39。 注意 ① 系動詞 turn , get, bee, grow, go 用進行時表示由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)人另一種狀態(tài)。 ③ 表占有的 ： have（有） ,own（擁有） , owe（欠） ,belong（屬于） , possess（擁有）等。 （參見“一般將來時”） 。由“助動詞 am /is / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞詞”構(gòu)成。 （此用法具口語性、近期性、動詞局限性）。 其否定式可表 “不能 /沒法 …” 。 一般將來時的用法： 1） shall / will + 動詞原形 表示不含主觀因素的 單純的時間上的 將來，特別是談一連串的事情或在含有時間或條件狀語從句的句子中，謂語多用將來時。 一般過去時的用法： 1)過去 某時 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 ，省略了 should. I suggest that he take a book with him. 。 Father will see(to it)that the door is 。t got 代替 has not. 一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法： 1)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作、狀態(tài)、性能。 ④助動詞 do 和 does：單數(shù)第三人稱中用 does，其余人稱均用 do 構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時 行為動詞 的 否定 和 疑問 。 1 （ tense）是一種動詞形式，不 同的時態(tài)用以表示不同時間里所產(chǎn)生的 動作 或存在的 狀態(tài) 。 ③行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時形式，除第三人稱單數(shù)動詞原形詞尾加 s 或 es 構(gòu)成（其構(gòu)成法和讀音與名詞復(fù)數(shù)同）外，其余一概用動詞原形。t got 代替 have not, 以 hasn39。t mention it. ②在 make sure/certain, see(to it) that 后的賓語從句中，或主句為一般將