【正文】 發(fā)放與收息 的考核，而沒對單筆不良貸款進(jìn)行量化考核，對因發(fā)放人工作失誤導(dǎo)致的風(fēng)險，沒有制定責(zé)任追究的可操作辦法，致使貸款第一責(zé)任人追究制很難落實(shí)，結(jié)果形成惡性循環(huán)?；緵]有科學(xué)、合理且操作性很強(qiáng)的貸款定價模型和貸款定價策略。 這種想法 雖有一定道理，但不正確。 擔(dān)保抵押 形式主義 ，為辦理擔(dān)保手續(xù)而辦理，不注重?fù)?dān)保抵押的有效性和實(shí)際補(bǔ)償能力，抗風(fēng)險能力差。但是，抵押擔(dān)保在信貸決策中充其量只能是必要條件，而不能也 6 不應(yīng)成為充分條件。實(shí)踐中對第二還款來源的追索經(jīng)常存在變現(xiàn)難、執(zhí)行難等諸多問題，加大了銀行經(jīng)營成本。 因此，作為信貸管理方面的內(nèi)控建設(shè)必須圍繞信貸資產(chǎn)保值增值、信貸各環(huán)節(jié)資料的真實(shí)可靠、貸款發(fā)放的效率等方面進(jìn)行。與外資銀行比，縱向管理鏈條過長，而橫向的分工與制衡關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)得不夠。二是審計(jì)的后續(xù)監(jiān)督專業(yè)性不夠，對信貸業(yè)務(wù)的專業(yè)化程度欠缺，難以抓住主要問題。對貸款形成不良的真正原因，確實(shí)很難發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析。信貸文化作為商業(yè)銀行重要的企業(yè)文化內(nèi)容之一，必須滲透到每一個信貸從業(yè)人員。二是要解決商業(yè)銀行信貸質(zhì)量不高的問題，必須從提高信貸人員素質(zhì)這一基礎(chǔ)性工作抓起，加強(qiáng)信貸人員的業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)，防范操作性風(fēng)險。創(chuàng)新貸后管理手段，加強(qiáng)電子化建設(shè)，借助科技手段強(qiáng)化貸后管理。 (二 )健全風(fēng)險等級評定制度。運(yùn)行方式上可由信貸前臺部門推薦客戶、收集填報資料，信貸管理部門獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行信用等級評定。 。銀行資產(chǎn)組合是不同程度的風(fēng)險資產(chǎn)的組合，每種資產(chǎn)都有不同的違約概率。銀行信貸對象的風(fēng)險等級越高導(dǎo)致預(yù)期外損失發(fā)生的可能性也越大。具體是評估銀行與客戶業(yè)務(wù)往來中的所有成本和收益，結(jié)合銀行既定的利潤目標(biāo)，給客戶的貸款進(jìn)行定價。在對擔(dān)保抵押進(jìn)行分析時，應(yīng)徹底改變教條主義，以實(shí)際變現(xiàn)價值考慮風(fēng)險補(bǔ)償。二是嚴(yán)格期限管理。貸后管理是指銀行在發(fā)放貸款后，定期檢查借款人財(cái)務(wù)報表，定期對其進(jìn)行信用審查，及 9 時跟蹤借款人的經(jīng)營管理，并根據(jù)信用評分模型對借款人進(jìn)行信用評級，隨時掌握借款人的信用風(fēng)險狀況，同時及時調(diào)整銀行的風(fēng)險損失準(zhǔn)備等一系列信貸活動的總稱。對于非現(xiàn)場檢查不能確認(rèn)的線索，可通過現(xiàn)場檢查進(jìn)一步核實(shí)。信貸業(yè)務(wù)的組織除了有縱向的總行 ―― 分行的專業(yè)線管理之外，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)橫向的部門之間的分工與制約，較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險控制與資源配置效率的最佳結(jié)合。審批流程呈橫向運(yùn)動特征。同時要堅(jiān)決執(zhí)行專職審批人任期制等，定期輪換。從發(fā)放前的預(yù)防控制到最后的風(fēng)險認(rèn)定和處罰。對產(chǎn)生的信貸風(fēng)險進(jìn)行責(zé)任認(rèn)定與追究。因此 ,作為商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險管理核心內(nèi)容的信貸風(fēng)險管理水平更成為衡量一家銀行經(jīng)營能力的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。行筆至此，終于可以給畢業(yè)論文畫上一個句號了。 12 鄭州大學(xué) 現(xiàn)代 遠(yuǎn)程教育本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）評審表 姓 名 學(xué)號 學(xué)習(xí)中心 專 業(yè) 是否申請學(xué)位 題 目 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評 語 及 成 績 成績： __________ 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： ____________ 學(xué)習(xí)中心蓋章 年 月 日 答 辯 小 組 意 見 很好 較好 一般 較差 非常差 撰寫規(guī)范： □ □ □ □ □ 論文選題： □ □ □ □ □ 內(nèi)容觀點(diǎn)： □ □ □ □ □ 結(jié)論與創(chuàng)新： □ □ □ □ □ 特別說明： 成績： ___________ 組長簽名： ____________ 年 月 日 注： 此表附在論文后面； 指導(dǎo)成績和答辯（評改）成績按百分制記； 13 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝！??！ Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝?。?！ National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。s Day! in shops, hotels and 14 restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A largescale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. As APEC is going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connecte