外文翻譯---特許經(jīng)營(yíng)和獨(dú)立的小型企業(yè)成活率的比較-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 中存在非常不同的行業(yè)。在表一中所描述的所有的 20554小公司中 ,加權(quán)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明 ,產(chǎn)業(yè)分布在年輕的公司 ,即特許和獨(dú)立的公司匯集在一起 ,零售，服務(wù) 和其他服務(wù)在小公司中分別占 個(gè)百分點(diǎn) ,占 個(gè)百分點(diǎn) ,和 42 個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。對(duì)于獲得債務(wù)資本方面 ,表一表明特許經(jīng)營(yíng)公使用百分之 借入資本來幫助進(jìn)入金融業(yè)務(wù) ,而獨(dú)立公司只有百分之 。第二 ,被特許人可以便利的使用特許人的資本 ,或者通過擴(kuò)展信用直接或間接向銀行貸款。以上所述所有組平均值差別在統(tǒng)計(jì)上是顯著的 ,盡管年輕的明星企業(yè)有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但他們?cè)谕瑯拥哪挲g階段時(shí)戲劇性的比獨(dú)立公司賺的利潤(rùn)更少 ,并且具有較低的生存率 ,只有百分之 (非特許企業(yè)是百分之 )在 1987 到 1991 年后期 ,這些差別在統(tǒng)計(jì)上是明顯大于傳統(tǒng)水平的。）在很年輕的公司 ,業(yè)主特征與企業(yè)生存有很大的關(guān)系 ,包括所有者在公司全職工作，高學(xué)歷業(yè)主，在初期大老板在公司進(jìn)行大量金融資本投資等。第三 ,本研究中的多單元新公司可能在多個(gè)位置擁有特許經(jīng)營(yíng)店 ,但這種公司只有計(jì)算一次 ,因?yàn)檫@里分析的單位是整個(gè)公司。在接下來的文章中出現(xiàn)的國(guó)會(huì)預(yù)算辦公室對(duì) 年輕公司樣品的分析 是被放 在本研究的附錄中。國(guó)會(huì)預(yù)算局對(duì)少數(shù)民族和婦女企業(yè)主抽取樣本 ,并對(duì)雇工的小型企業(yè)大范圍的抽樣。美國(guó)商業(yè)部發(fā)表的小型企業(yè)商業(yè)研究聲稱特許經(jīng)營(yíng)初創(chuàng)公司比不能被支持的獨(dú)立創(chuàng)業(yè)的公司有更高的生存率。事實(shí)上 ,直到最近 ,經(jīng)過美國(guó)商務(wù)部對(duì)特許經(jīng)營(yíng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，在兩年一度的報(bào)告上發(fā)表了這個(gè) 關(guān)于 特許經(jīng)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果 的報(bào)告 。持相反觀點(diǎn)的新聞報(bào) ,1994 年 2 月開始出版的航天雜志聲稱百分之 的裝飾 窩特許經(jīng)營(yíng)經(jīng)銷商在三年之內(nèi)即到1992 年 12 月都終止業(yè)務(wù)。本研究中的年輕小 企業(yè)的摘要和 各個(gè) 時(shí)點(diǎn) 的 數(shù)據(jù)都是來自全國(guó)大小型企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；企業(yè)主 (CBO)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是來自于 1992 年美國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的人口普查數(shù)據(jù)。在 很大的范圍 內(nèi) ,一些更好的資本化的公司被大學(xué)畢業(yè)生業(yè)主掌控 并全身心的投入工作 。進(jìn)一步對(duì)獨(dú)立的商業(yè)與特許經(jīng)營(yíng)人進(jìn)行比較表明 ,年輕的公司開始沒有受益于特許人以后將比特許經(jīng)營(yíng)公司更有利可圖?，F(xiàn)在是時(shí)候考慮這 種 智慧 是否正確 了。本研究檢查的是在特許經(jīng)營(yíng)、無特許小公司從 1984 年到 1987 年的生存方式 :生存超過 1991 年時(shí)對(duì)所有企業(yè)進(jìn)行跟蹤。 Evans, 1987。s degree. All of the above group mean differences are statistically significant Yet, despite the obvious strengths of the young franchise firms summarized in table one, they are dramatically less profitable than independent firms of the same age, and they exhibit a lower survival rate per cent (versus percent for no franchise firms) over the 19871ate 1991 time period。the number of failures is unknown39。畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯 題 目： 農(nóng)村零售終端連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)模式研究 一、外文原文 標(biāo)題： A Comparison of Franchise and Independent Small Business Survival Rates 原文： ABSTRACT. Aspiring entrepreneurs choosing to bee franchisees certainly expect to improve their chances of survival during the turbulent early years of business startup and operation. Alignment with a franchisor parent pany offers the franchisee managerial assistance, access to financial capital, and access to markets via the right to utilize the parent pany trademark. This study examines survival patterns among franchise and non franchise small firms started between 1984 and 1987: survival through late 1991 is tracked for all firms. Although the franchise operations are larger scale, better capitalized young firms, the independent business startups are found to be more profitable and their survival prospects are better than those of franchises. A. Introduction Persons entering selfemployment by being franchisees monly believe that their chances of surviving those early turbulent years of small business operations are enhanced by their decision to align with a franchisor parent pany. The franchise is a safe bet, according to the conventional wisdom. It is time to reconsider this wisdom. A nationwide survey of selfemployed persons active in small business in 1987 serves as the data base analyzed in this study. A sample of 20,554 young firms drawn from the . Bureau of the Census Characteristics of Business Owners data base is utilized, and all of these firms were surveyed in late 1991 to determine firm survival rates. By late 1991, percent of the franchisees and percent of the non franchise young firms active in 1987 had discontinued operations. Further independent business vs. franchisee parisons reveal that the young firms started Without the benefit of a parent franchisor were significantly more profitable than the franchise firms. In short, the franchise route to selfemployment is associated with higher business failure rates and lower profits than independent business ownership. This study describes various owner traits and operational characteristics of franchise and non franchise young firms. Logistic regression equations are utilized to isolate the impact of the
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