外文翻譯---特許經(jīng)營和獨立的小型企業(yè)成活率的比較-免費閱讀
【正文】 貝茨和怒西 ,1989。大部分的適用的研究是調(diào)查特許人的而不是被特許人的行為 : 例 如 ,魯賓 (1978)和諾頓 (1988)。這些數(shù)字顯著高于獨立的零售公司中相應(yīng)的銷售比率。特許經(jīng)營企業(yè)比獨立的公司會得到更多資本和勞動力投入。只有在業(yè)主的教育背景這方面特許經(jīng)營公司狀況似乎不如獨立經(jīng)營企業(yè) : 前者的百 分之 與后者的百分之 的業(yè)主取得超過學(xué)士學(xué)位。第二 ,一些新的特許經(jīng)營單位大多屬于 1984 年前開創(chuàng)的企業(yè)。國會預(yù)算辦公室的數(shù)據(jù)庫使對被特許人的生存問題進(jìn)行客觀、全面的分 析成為可能。這樣的 企業(yè)破產(chǎn)率數(shù)據(jù)以“美國商務(wù)部”作為自己的信息來源。對少數(shù)擁有者特許經(jīng)營獨立分析 ,并對獨立小型企業(yè)的二次抽查調(diào)查揭示，少數(shù)擁有者公司的生存方式類似于整個小型企業(yè)領(lǐng)域的生存方式：特許經(jīng)營店比獨立創(chuàng)業(yè)公司更有可能倒閉。 1991 年晚些時候，在 1987 年開創(chuàng)的公司 中 百分之為 的連鎖加盟店和百分之 非連鎖年輕公司停止運行。被特許人和母公司結(jié) 盟它能對被特許人提供一些管理上的幫助，接觸到金融資本，通過利用母公司商標(biāo)順利的進(jìn)入市場。 Bates and Gucci, 1989). Among very young firms, owner traits associated with greater likelihood of survival include owners working fulltime in the firm, highly educated owners, and large owner financial capital investment in the firm at startup (Bates, 1990a). Table one indicates that franchisees are generally better endowed with traits linked to survival than no franchise young firms. In terms of mean 1987 sales revenues, the young franchisees report $513,961, over five times larger than the corresponding figure of $102,410 reported by the independent businesses (table one). Capitalization at startup is similarly much greater mean value $86,493 for the franchise firms, almost three times greater than the no franchise firm capitalization of $29,822. Only in the area of owner educational background do the franchise firms appear to be weaker than the independents: percent of the former and percent of the latter had pursued graduate studies beyond the bachelor39。畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）外文翻譯 題 目： 農(nóng)村零售終端連鎖經(jīng)營模式研究 一、外文原文 標(biāo)題： A Comparison of Franchise and Independent Small Business Survival Rates 原文： ABSTRACT. Aspiring entrepreneurs choosing to bee franchisees certainly expect to improve their chances of survival during the turbulent early years of business startup and operation. Alignment with a franchisor parent pany offers the franchisee managerial assistance, access to financial capital, and access to markets via the right to utilize the parent pany trademark. This study examines survival patterns among franchise and non franchise small firms started between 1984 and 1987: survival through late 1991 is tracked for all firms. Although the franchise operations are larger scale, better capitalized young firms, the independent business startups are found to be more profitable and their survival prospects are better than those of franchises. A. Introduction Persons entering selfemployment by being franchisees monly believe that their chances of surviving those early turbulent years of small business operations are enhanced by their decision to align with a franchisor parent pany. The franchise is a safe bet, according to the conventional wisdom. It is time to reconsider this wisdom. A nationwide survey of selfemployed persons active in small business in 1987 serves as the data base analyzed in this study. A sample of 20,554 young firms drawn from the . Bureau of the Census Characteristics of Business Owners data base is utilized, and all of these firms were surveyed in late 1991 to determine firm survival rates. By late 1991, percent of the franchisees and percent of the non franchise young firms active in 1987 had discontinued operations. Further independent business vs. franchisee parisons reveal that the young firms started Without the benefit of a parent franchisor were significantly more profitable than the franchise firms. In short, the franchise route to selfemployment is associated with higher business failure rates and lower profits than independent business ownership. This study describes various owner traits and operational characteristics of franchise and non franchise young firms. Logistic regression equations are utilized to isol
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