【正文】
rld is a sign of the deep cultural gap involved: to reject feminism is to reject modernity and the West. For instance, Laura Bush, speaking on the weekly presidential radio address, on November 17, 2020, supported the Bush administration’s attack on Afghanistan on grounds of the denial of women’s rights by the Taliban. In the sixties, probably even in the seventies, such an argument would have been unthinkable. Many feminists, especially radical feminists, thought that their challenge to male supremacy was also a challenge to the existing social order. Many, who regarded themselves as guardians of that social order, agreed. How has feminism bee an accepted part of modern, Western society rather than an enemy of it? .The emergence of the second wave of feminism in the United States, was connected to a transformation of the economy that was drawing women into the labor force on a permanent basis. Before the Second World War few women worked outside the home after marrying and having children。 women who had entered the movement thinking that women’s equality would not require major social changes tended to bee convinced that gender inequality was linked to other dimensions of inequality, especially class and race. The women’s movement declined, in the eighties and niies, mostly because the constituency on which it had been largely based, young, mostly white, middleclass women, gradually put political activity behind them. These women were beneficiaries of, what John Kenh Galbraith has called, the “culture of contentment” of the eighties and niies. They benefited, along with the rest of the class, from the prosperity of the time。 not only do women still earn less than men, but in the ranks of the poor, single women and their children have e to predominate. The prejudices that discourage women from entering traditionally male fields remain and violence against women persists. Though the nuclear family of the forties and fifties was based on male supremacy, the increasing instability of family life has hardly been a blessing for women. But women’s equality has bee a publicly accepted principle. Glaring deviations from this principle are open to challenge, and very large numbers of women are ready to make such challenges when necessary. This in itself is an enormous and transforming advance. So, over the last two decades feminist consciousness has spread even as the organized women’s movement has contracted. This is partly because of the increasing numbers of women in the labor force, and in other areas of public life, who, in talking to each other and giving each other support, spread and redefined feminism, even if they do not call themselves feminists or use the word. It was possible for the first wave of feminism to disappear because the women’s movement that it was