【正文】
ource Management人力資源管理 Technology development 技術開發(fā) Procurement 采購 Support Activities 支持活動 Primary Activities 基本活動 資料來源: Porter, . 1985: 《 競爭優(yōu)勢》、《優(yōu)秀業(yè)績的創(chuàng)造與維持》 Characteristics: Think of a factory 標新立異:企業(yè)之所想 ? Is all about transformation of inputs into outputs. The value resides sole。ran Roos Roland Burgman) ? 廠房的靈活性 ? 廠房的現(xiàn)代化程度 ? 基礎建筑周圍的廠房 ? 標準資產(chǎn) ? ? 資產(chǎn)的可買賣性 ? ? 存取權 ? Balance Sheet Strength資產(chǎn)負債表中有利的部分 ? 庫存(包括狀態(tài)良好并可以使用的,廢棄的和多余的部分) ? 財產(chǎn) ? 廠房 ? 設備 ? 庫存 ─ 制成品 ─ 在制品 ─ 原材料 資產(chǎn)認證 The strategic perspective 戰(zhàn)略全觀察 ? Strategic Axioms 戰(zhàn)略定律 ? Firms are rentseekers. 企業(yè)是尋租人 ? Strategy is a deliberate set of actions taken to create rents. 所謂戰(zhàn)略,是為創(chuàng)造租金而特意采取的行動 ? Rent creation involves obtaining a strategic fit between the anisation and its environment 創(chuàng)造租金的行為包括在組織與其所處環(huán)境之間達到戰(zhàn)略平衡的舉措 ? The degree of fitness changes over time due to petitive and other (exogenous) influences. 這種平衡會根據(jù)競爭和其他外部的影響而不斷變化 ? Two types of rents 兩種類型的租金 ? Monopoly rent 壟斷租金 ? Requires parative 對優(yōu)勢 ? Scarcity rent 缺貨租金 ? Requires 需要 ? Competitive advantage 相對優(yōu)勢 Types of Strategic Resources 戰(zhàn)略資源的種類 Owned or Controlled By the Firm 企業(yè)所有或為企業(yè)控制 Owned or Controlled By the Firm 企業(yè)所有或為企業(yè)控制 Owned or Controlled By the Firm 企業(yè)所有或為企業(yè)控制 Additive 附加 Additive 附加 Owned or Controlled by the Other Party 由第三方所有或控制 Owned or Controlled By the Employee 由雇員擁有或控制 Knowledge Economics 知識經(jīng)濟 Industrial Economics 工業(yè)經(jīng)濟 The utilisation of resources With different behaviour 采取不同行動來利用資源 Network Economics 網(wǎng)絡經(jīng)濟 Examples of issues that can be discussed 論題舉例 Present Situation 現(xiàn)狀 Wanted Situation 理想狀態(tài) ?Flexible 靈活 ?Low growth 增長緩慢 ?Limited Revenue 收入有限 ?No intrinsic value無內在價值 ?Inflexible 不靈活 ?High growth 增長迅速 ?Unlimited Revenue 收入無限 ?High intrinsic value內在價值高 Examples of Resource Transformations 資源轉換的例子 MONETARY 貨幣 PHYSICAL 實物 RELATIONAL 關系 ORGANISATIONAL 組織 HUMAN 人力 MONETARY 貨幣 PHYSICAL 實物 REL. 關系 ORG. 組織 HUMAN 人力 Knowledge codification, new IP 知識編碼、新 IP Building developing relationships建立并發(fā)展關系 Developing Prototypes 開發(fā)產(chǎn)品雛形 Sales of manhours 出售工時 Sales of IP, processes knowledge銷售 IP、 方法和知識 Produce By numbers 依靠定單數(shù)量進行生產(chǎn) Market Intelligence 市場情報 Developing petence through use在實際使用中開發(fā)能力 Relationship selling, preferential deals關系銷售 , 特惠交易 Use of other pany’s assets 使用其他企業(yè)的資產(chǎn) Importing IP, processes, association with brands 引進 IP和流程,與別的品牌合作 Chance to build skills in relationship handling在人際關 系的處理中培養(yǎng)技能 Sales of products 產(chǎn)品銷售 Facilities build relationships建立關系所需的設備 Possible new products knowhow新產(chǎn)品和技術竅門 Facilities to train with 培訓所需的設備 Investment in assets 在資產(chǎn)方 面投資 Investment in building links 在建立關 系網(wǎng)上投資 Investment in brands, image and systems投資 在品牌、形 象和系統(tǒng) Recruitment training, conditions 新人培訓 ,提出條件 Training 培訓 Equipment generates products 由設備生產(chǎn)出的產(chǎn)品 Networking建立網(wǎng)絡 Systems generate IP系統(tǒng)產(chǎn) 生的 IP investmenIt In financial Instruments 投資金融工具 Mental agility 思想的敏捷性 Social Behavioural 社會的和行為的因素 Tacit knowledge 隱性知識 Company image 企業(yè)形象 Cash equivalents 現(xiàn)金及其他等價物 Cognitive Competence 認知能力 Company Brands 企業(yè)品牌 Explicit Knowledge 顯性知識 Customers 客戶 A Navigator a conceptual map 概念導航圖 Mental agility 思想的敏捷性 Company image 企業(yè)形象 Cash equivalents 現(xiàn)金和其他等價物 Cognitive Competence 認知能力 Explicit Knowledge 顯性知識 Customers 客戶 Tacit knowledge 隱性知識 We rely on top quality people to generate cash by staying at the cutting edge of thinking 我們依賴于高素質的人為我們創(chuàng)造價值,因為他們的思想時刻處于領先地位。 Effect? 影響 ? Embedded Growth Value 內含的增長價值 資產(chǎn)管理新論 A new view on asset management ... Enterprise Value 企業(yè)價值 ? Cash 現(xiàn)金 ? Investments 投資 ? Receivables / Debtors ? 應收帳款 / 債務人 ? Payables / Creditors ? 應付帳款 /債權人 Moary 貨幣 Physical 實物 Relational 關系 Organizational 組織 l Human 人力 Intangible 知識資產(chǎn) Tangible 有形資產(chǎn) Industrial Economic Capital 工業(yè)經(jīng)濟資本 Intellectual Capital 知識資本 The traditional value chain perspective of a business focuses only on moary and physical assets 企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)的對價值鏈的看法,這里只強調貨幣和實物資產(chǎn) 資源分類結構圖 (169。 3 Knowledge is used in diverse ways but not all of them create value 知識可以用于不同的渠道,但并非都能產(chǎn)生價值 4 2nd generation intellectual capital models reveal crucial transformations 第二代知識資本模型揭示了一些重要變革的發(fā)生 5 Metrics can be devised to monitor the impact of knowledge management 在監(jiān)控知識管理的影響方面,可以采用不同的量化方法 1. Strategic and based on the pany’s strategy – use IC processes to show how knowledge is used. 戰(zhàn)略性步驟及基于企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略采取的步驟 , 即利用知識資本運行過程向人們展示如何利用知識 2. Carry out an epistemological and philosophical assessment to find out what the people think and how they like to work (or are made to work)從認識論和哲學角度對人們思考與偏愛的主動 ( 或被動 ) 工作方式進行評估 3. Use a sensible requirements capture process. 采取合理的需求捕獲程序 4. Make sure you have the hearts and minds of everyone, top to bottom. 確定你已經(jīng)從身心兩方面徹底地贏得了所有人 。 第六步:影響( 2) Step 6 Impacting (2) Helped by 促進因素 Hindered by 阻礙因素 A way of showing that it was all worthwhile to the pany 有一套向企業(yè)展示價值的方式 Feedback and appropriate rewards 反饋及適當?shù)莫剟? The ability to predict where else the knowledge may be used 具備預知其他知識用途的能力 Technology / business forecasting預見技術和商機的能力 Feedback to peripheral players in the learning cycle 對學習循環(huán)中的邊緣參與者予以反饋 No appropriate metrics on knowledge creation and use 在知識創(chuàng)新與利