企業(yè)文化與企業(yè)績(jī)效_(文件)
【正文】 ? Strategic Leadership Strategic leadership is defined as a person’s ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a viable future for the anizations (Ireland Hitt, 1999) ? Upper echelon theory (Hambrick Mason, 1984) strategies and effectiveness are the reflection of the values and cognitive bases of powerful actors in the anization ? Observable aspects age, education, functional track, financial position group characteristics ? Psychological aspects cognitive base, values, and personality Background (continue 2) ?Situational uncertainty – Transition from a planned to a market economic system – Restructuring of stateowned enterprise – Substantial growth of township and village, private firms and joint ventures – Perceived environment uncertainty Individual’s perceived inability to understand the direction in which an environment might be changing, the potential impact of those changes on that individual’s anization, and whether or not particular response to the environment might be successful (Milliken, 1987) – Different anizational types – Firm life stage Strategic leadership ?Demographic variables Smith et
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