【正文】 tions CorpWhy Computerize? Perform ‘What Ifs’ with instant results? Consistency in management reporting by the team? Presents a mon project plan, project vision? Allows instant munications of data? Shows critical path, slack, dependencies …? Instant switching between graph types? Provides easy visual to sophisticated data? Demonstrates measurable progress 68BrenDaniel Productions CorpCommon Challenges? Management may not like the output? Lack of use in front end planning? Lack of daytoday use? No mitment to training? Lack of technical support? Garbage In – Garbage Out? Lack of insight into accumulated changes? ‘Bosses’ are used to old system? Lack of integration into pany systems? Viewed as replacement for facetoface munications? No training in the concepts being supported69BrenDaniel Productions CorpSoftware A Snapshot4 Scope Definition WBS4 Activity/Milestone Definition, Estimation4 Baseline project plan4 Resource Costs Budgeting4 Resource Allocation Leveling4 Critical Path Determination/PERT4 Decision Support Diagrams4 Slack Analysis4 ‘Actuals’ data entry4 Variance Analysis4 Default/Ad hoc reports4 Using filters to steamline reporting4 Change control4 Integration with other software70BrenDaniel Productions CorpIT Challenges216。 Focus was on the plan’s – no planning216。 KISS – Used all charts – lost control216。 Tested trust in my team252。 Management ReportingWhat are some challenges you have encountered in your work place99BrenDaniel Productions CorpFF/FS/… Lead and LagBlue cannot finish until Red FinishesBlue can start anytimeRed must finish earlier than blueFF2w1wFS – 1wBlue can finish anytimeBlue cannot start until (1w) Red FinishingRed may finish earlier/later that BlueSS + 1wBlue can finish anytimeBlue cannot start until (+1w) Red StartingRed may finish earlier/later that BlueSF 1wBlue can finish anytimeBlue can start anytimeRed cannot finish until Blue has started for a week100BrenDaniel Productions CorpDiagramming Notes? Objective of the diagram is to pass along information on the projectchoice of diagram type should be driven by this fact? Milestones can be shown on PDM as activities with zero duration? ADM you must identify all activities and all milestones, PDM allows you to choose what milestones you want? ADM – you can add ‘dummy’ activities (lines with no duration) to force dependency? Diagramming rules must be used to ensure readability101BrenDaniel Productions CorpIntegrateStartSelect Software TestSoftwarePurchaseSoftwareSelectHardwarePurchaseHardwareDeveloping The Path(s)End102BrenDaniel Productions CorpWhat Diagrams Can Tell YouSinks?Orphaned ActivitiesBursts103BrenDaniel Productions CorpDiagramming ExerciseDraw the work and identify the critical path using the precedence diagram.ACTIVITY PRECEDING ACTIVITY TIME (WEEKS)ABCDEFGHIABBCD, EF, G, H786668473104BrenDaniel Productions CorpActivity Duration EstimatingActivity Duration Estimating determines the number of work periods which will be needed to plete individual activities105BrenDaniel Productions CorpActivity Duration Estimating?Estimating guidelines?Evaluate each independently?Assume ‘normal’ level of labor?Assume ‘normal’ work week?Disregard predetermined dates on first cut?Use consistent time units?Use past actual data?Level of effort activities Duration * Resource Loading = Effort106BrenDaniel Productions CorpEstimate AccuraciesDefinitive (Detailed) Estimate?From Well defined engineering data?Normally Bottom up?Accuracy of +/ 5%(Rough) Order of Magnitude?No detailed engineering data?Accuracy of +/ 35%Approximate (Top Down) Estimate ?Analogous Estimates?Uses Previous project data?Accuracy of +/ 15%107BrenDaniel Productions CorpEstimating Tools TechniquesAnalogous Estimation? Top down estimating? Actual cost of a previous, similar project? Least costly method? Scaleable for project sizeProduct IntegrityPCB BuildStandard HWParametric Modeling?Characteristics in a mathematical model?Examples cost per sq. foot, LOC, cost per hour?Can be weighted depending on parameters?Needs accurate historical information?Parameters must be measurable?Must be scalableDocumentationLines of CodeAnimation108BrenDaniel Productions CorpBottom Up Estimation?Uses WBS as a basis for collection?Best approach – from actual developers?Data intensive accurate?Consistency a challengeNew ProductNew TeamUncertainty HighEstimating Tools TechniquesMS ProjectComputerized Tools?Assist with cost estimating and costingalternatives109BrenDaniel Productions CorpCommon Estimation Challenges?Assuming followon work?Misinterpretation of the SOW?Improperly defined Scope/WBS?Optimistic schedules?Assuming skills levels?No risk analysis up front?No accounting for cost adjustments/inflation?Wrong/Inconsistent estimation guidelines110BrenDaniel Productions CorpIT Challenges216。 Basis Monitoring and Control BaselineWhat are some challenges you have encountered in your work place84BrenDaniel Productions CorpDeliverable orientedOrganizes and defines total scope of projectLevels represent increased detailMay be products/servicesRelates ponents to each other/projectWork not in WBS is outside scope of projectUsed to confirm a mon understandingHelps in getting mitment of project personnelWork Breakdown Structure (WBS)Lowest Level is called a Work PackageMay be divided into Activities85BrenDaniel Productions CorpThe WBS is the basis for …?Responsibility Assignment Matrix?Budget Cost Estimating?Planning?Total Program Breakdown?Organizational Structure (OBS)?Coordination of Objectives