【正文】 recast for each warehouse 拉動(dòng)式或推動(dòng)式庫(kù)存管理思想 Pull vs. Push Inventory Philosophies CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 911 推動(dòng)式 ——基于每個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的預(yù)測(cè)將供給分配給各個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù) 拉動(dòng)式 ——基于每個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的特定需求以一定訂貨批量補(bǔ)足庫(kù)存 A—將產(chǎn)品分配到各個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù) Q—每個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)需要的補(bǔ)貨量 15 ? 多數(shù)庫(kù)存管理是針對(duì)每一種產(chǎn)品的庫(kù)存進(jìn)行控制。庫(kù)存成本隨時(shí)間推移 Cost for holding the inventory over time 資金成本。 39 ? EOQ模型中有一個(gè)基本假設(shè)，即任何訂貨批量都可以及時(shí)補(bǔ)進(jìn)。S’= 927 45 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Reorder Point Control (Cont’d) units 190 )(17 .32150 Hence ,units units 150)3(50)(Now,39。=???=???=zEsQDkICrQICQDSTCwhere E(z) = from a unit normal loss table at a z value of 929 48 ? 服務(wù)水平 ? =1每年產(chǎn)品缺貨件數(shù)的期望值 /年需求總量 ( ) ( )( / ) ( 39?？捎梅磸?fù)迭代的方法 IC2DSQ =1 利用基本 EOQ公式得出訂貨量的近似值 Solve initially for Q 2 通過下式計(jì)算提前期內(nèi)現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng)的概率 Using Q, find DkQIC1P ?=如果缺貨允許 If backordering is allowed or QICDkQIC1 ??=如果銷售出現(xiàn)損失 If sales are lost 50 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Reorder Point Control (Cont’d) 3 計(jì)算 Q的修正值 Using P, find revised Q IC](z)E39。 LTd sdsLTs ?=Caution: Can result in very high safety stock levels when leadtime variability is high 937 在需求和提前期不確定的情況下找到正態(tài)分布的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 s39。d得到修正公式 sLT是提前期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 57 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Supply Chain Example (Cont’d) Distributor Outbound transport Inbound transport Pool point Supplier X s p p = = 1 0 1 2 , . X s i i = = 4 1 0 2 , . X s o o = = 2 0 25 2 , . Processing time Transport time Transport time 供應(yīng)商 內(nèi)向運(yùn)輸 集散地 加工時(shí)間 供應(yīng)商 58 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Pull Methods (Cont’d) Supply chain example Suppose that inventory is to be maintained on a distributor’s shelf for an item whose demand is forecasted to be d = 100 units per day and sd = 10 units per day. A reorder point is the method of inventory control. The supply channel is shown in the diagram. Determine the average inventory to be held at the distributor where we have: I = 10%/year C = $5/unit S = $10/order P = during lead time 59 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Supply Chain Example (Cont’d) Solution The reorder point inventory theory applies. However, determining the statistics of the demandduringleadtime distribution requires taking the leadtime for the entire channel into account. Recall, days where=??=??=?=2o2i2p2LT2LT22dssss)(sd)LT(s39。盤點(diǎn)后的訂貨量就是最大值（ M)與盤點(diǎn)時(shí)所持有的庫(kù)存量之差。*=?=?==?=?=LTTssLTTdXdFind MAX MAX = d(T* + LT) + z(s’) = 50( + 3) + () = 470 + = 541 units Rule Review the inventory every weeks and place an order for the difference between the MAX level of 541 units and the quantity on hand + quantity on order – backorders. CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 942 66 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Periodic Review (Cont’d) 總相關(guān)成本 The total relevant cost for this design is: TC = DS/Q + ICQ/2 + ICr + ks’(D/Q)E(z) = 2600(10)/322 + (.10)(5)(322/2) + (.10)(5)(71) + 2 ()(2600/322)(.0034) = $198 Note 與再訂貨的點(diǎn)的方法比（ $182），定期盤點(diǎn)因?yàn)榘踩潭雀?，所以成本相?duì)較高（ $198） 67 Pull Methods (Cont’d) D a t eIn /C u st o me r S a l esOnh a n d D a t eIn /C u st o me r S a l esOnh a n d D a t eIn /C u st o me r S a l esOnH a n d1 0 / 2 6 B al F w d 80500 2 / 2 C o p i es 50000 35000 3 / 3 0 S u p M ea t s 25000 202301 0 / 2 6 100M 180500 2 / 5 B el G ar 5000 30000 3 / 3 0 C o p i es 50 199501 0 / 3 0 P r o g r essi o n 20230 160500 2 / 6 B el G ar 15000 15000 3 / 3 0 P t r s D v l 5000 149501 0 / 3 0 O g l eb y 25000 135500 2 / 6 S u p erio r 25000 0* 3 / 3 0 B el m o n t 10000 49501 1 / 2 M i d R o ss 15000 120500 2 / 6 U n t S p l y 15000 0* 4 / 2 B erea P r t g 4950 01 1 / 9 U n t S p l y 50000 70500 2 / 6 B erea P r t g 15000 0* 4 / 2 B erea P r t g 15050 0*1 1 / 2 9 B erea Li t 25000 45500 2 / 8 S ag amo r e 5000 0* 4 / 9 R EM 500 0*1 2 / 1 D o l F ed 10000 35500 2 / 1 4 100M 100000 4 / 1 2 M i d R o ss 5000 0*1 2 / 1 3 C ard F ed 20230 15500 2 / 1 5 50M 150000 5 / 7 O h i o O st 5000 0*1 2 / 1 4 B el m o n t 15000 500 2 / 1 6 B el G ar 5000 145000 5 / 8 I n k sp o t s 5000 0*1 2 / 1 5 S h k r S av 5000 500* 2 / 2 1 B el G ar 15000 130000 5 / 8 P r t s D v l 2500 0*1 / 8 B F K 500 0 2 / 2 6 I n k sp o t 5000 125000 5 / 1 1 100M 1000001 / 8 100M 100000 2 / 2 7 Lcl 2 5 U A W 50000 75000 5 / 1 4 B V R 5000 950001 / 8 C ard F ed 30000 70000 2 / 2 8 P t r s D v l 2500 72500 5 / 1 5 G u sw o l d 10000 850001 / 9 P t o f V i ew 10000 60000 2 / 2 8 S h k r S av 25000 47500 5 / 1 6 ES B 15000 700001 / 1 7 A m S afet y 5000 55000 3 / 1 C o p i es 35000 12500 5 / 1 6 S u p erio r 50000 202301 / 2 3 F o st er 15000 40000 3 / 2 U n t d To r 10000 2500 5 / 1 6 J Ste p h en 5000 150001 / 2 4 G i b P r t g 5000 35000 3 / 8 S ag amo r e 2500 0 5 / 1 6 A m A st er 15000 01 / 2 6 B el G ar 5000 30000 3 / 8 S ag amo r e 12500 0* 5 / 1 6 A m A st er 10000 0*1 / 2 6 C o p i es 20230 10000 3 / 1 2 150M 150000 5 / 2 2 S ag amo r e 15000 0*1 / 2 9 S l v r Lak e 5000 5000 3 / 1 2 U n t d To r 40000 110000 C o d i n g 212001 / 2 9 100M 105000 3 / 1 2 P r est o n 50000 60000 M . B a se C o st D a t e M i n 125M2 / 2 S ag amo r e 20230 85000 3 / 2 0 M i d l an d 15000 45000 2 . 6 4 4 / 2 M a x 250MS i ze M / Wg t B a si s G ra i n C o l o r Fi n i sh G ra d e L o ca t i o n C t n . S k i d C o n t . A t t .8 189。 ) ( 39。*i=?=?= iii szdTFind target quantity (MAX) for item B units *39。預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)還要記錄所持庫(kù)存量，而訂購(gòu)量就等于目標(biāo)值減去所持庫(kù)存量。1/1 ?=?=Using data from the reorder point under uncertainty example, the service level would be: ,2 )322/6。 78 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. Pull Methods (Cont’d) 、多地點(diǎn)的庫(kù)存管理 Multiple item, multiplelocation control The theory that has been discussed previously is useful when designing inventory control systems for the practi