【正文】 3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me.Kate ( ) me __________________第三部分、被動語態(tài)一、語態(tài)概述 英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 例如：many people speak English. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。 　例如：He opened the 。 及物動詞本身意義不完整，后必須帶賓語，有些還可以帶雙賓。 　　一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋eaten 一般過去時：was／were＋eaten 一般將來時：will be＋eaten am/is/are+going to be eaten 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am／is／are being＋eaten 現(xiàn)在完成時：have／has been＋eaten歌訣是：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。（沒有必要或說出出版者） (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。 　　歌訣：誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要； 動作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動語態(tài)運(yùn)用到。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. This work must be done soon.六、 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)需要注意的幾個問題.（1）時態(tài)保持一致。動詞give//send/lend/take用to) Vivian gave me a book. (雙賓語，人間物直， me為間接賓語，a book 為直接賓語) I was given a book by Vivian. A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接賓語提前時，要在間接賓語前加介詞）（4）主動語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主＋及物動詞＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)），將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓補(bǔ)不變。__________________________________________________________________2. I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas.172。__________________________________________________________________6. People in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress.172。 另外，if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件，也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。2．if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用may/might/canIf the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果霧在大一些，飛機(jī)可能就會改在別的機(jī)場降落。5．if從句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主句用一般將來時If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得，上樓就會找到他。 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，如果從句談?wù)摰氖且粋€有可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)及其產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)的結(jié)果，主句用一般將來時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。還要注意前后時態(tài)一致原則Exercise you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going2. It will be a long time ____ Peter _____ his work. A. since, has finished B. after, finishes C. when, will finish D. before, finishes.3. What will father _____ us from Japan? A. take B. bring C. carry D. make 4. Weifang is famous ______ kites. A. for B. to C. on D. with5． I ____ her the answer if she ____me. A. can。t find a bus . If it rains tomorrow ,we will not go to the zoo. What will you do if you find a panda in danger. if 條件句談?wù)摰氖侵貜?fù)發(fā)生和預(yù)示要發(fā)生的情景和事件，則主從句大多用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 條件句,放在前,逗號要放句中間。3．if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用must/shouldIf you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想減肥，你必須少吃面包。如： If I were you，I would invite him to the party．如果我是你，我會邀請他參加聚會。虛擬)一、概況引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if，常見的if條件狀語從句表示在某條件下，某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的。__________________________________________________________________4. They named the boy Johnson.172。 All your dreams will e true if you try your best.Exercise1)將下列主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句。 His best friend often looks after him. He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主動語態(tài)中若有雙賓語,將其中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,另一個賓語不變。 五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。 (2)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。 This book was written by 。 例如：some new puters were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。(被動句) 二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。3. 無須考慮語序4. 人稱：1主，2賓，3不變1. 斜體部分為間接引語部分。改變Are, Is, Will, Can…位置）3. 人稱：1主，2賓，3不變4. 時態(tài)。連接詞：直接引語中的特殊疑問詞。5. 當(dāng)主句是一般過去時態(tài)，間接引語部分變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時態(tài)。斜體部分為間接引語部分。所以適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的have been in. 應(yīng)選B.第二部分、直接引語與間接引語直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，一般要加引號?！　?. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.　　A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy　解析：It was + 時間段+since 引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去完成時。如： 　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the position petition. 　　3）. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。如： 　　He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 　　3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨(dú)立存在。 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn39。如： 　　She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語從句中 　　在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。(4) 將來進(jìn)行時比一般將來時在語氣上要委婉客氣。－Did you tell Julia about the result? 你告訴朱莉婭結(jié)果了嗎？－Oh, no. I will call her now. 噢，沒有。Exercise將來進(jìn)行時練習(xí)1. What____ you_____this time tomorrow? A will…do B will…h(huán)ave done C will…be done D will…be doing2. The street lights____on when night falls.A will have gone B will have been going C will be going D will be gone3. Joe____the piano in a few minutes.A shall be played B will have been playing C shall be playing D will have played4. I ____ my grandmother at three this afternoon.A shall be visiting B shall have visited C shall be visiting D will visit5. “Can you attend the party tonight?”“No,_____ the boss about something urgent.”A I see BI shall have seen C I’ll be seeing D I can see【將來進(jìn)行時與一般將來時的比較】兩者都表示將來的行為，但在用法上有所區(qū)別：(1) 將來進(jìn)行時表示將來某一時刻或某一段時間里正在進(jìn)行的動作；而一般將來時表示將來某時將要發(fā)生的動作。The students are studying Unit 3 this week, and next week they39。 (表原因)Stop the child or he will be falling over. 抓住那個孩子，要不他會掉下去的。 ②將來進(jìn)行時的特殊用法 A. 表示原因、結(jié)果或猜測。t phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We39。 will be( B. is。 ) 17. B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working are(　)6. I’ll tell her about it as soon as she ___________ back.　　A. shall