【正文】 iterary 里，周圍圍滿了敬仰 他的文學精英。 a tragedy: ：《倫敦》，《人類欲望的虛幻》騎士浪漫詩：《拉塞拉斯的歷史》，《阿比西尼亞王子》；一部悲?。骸栋铡?。 65. Reading his works gives the reader the impression that he is talking with a very learned 種感覺，他在與一位非常博學的人士對話。 69. The School for Scandal is mainly a story about two brothers, the hypocritical Joseph Surface and the goodnatured, imprudent, spendthrift Charles Surface. The play ends with great disgrace for Joseph and double bliss for Charles. It is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy of the aristocraticbourgeois society in the eighteenthcentury England. No wonder, the play has been Regarded as the best edy since Shakespeare. 《造謠學?！分饕v述了 兩個兄弟的故事，一個是偽君子約瑟夫 .薩爾菲斯，另一個是放蕩不羈但心地善良的查爾斯 .薩爾菲斯。 (VII)Thomas Gray 托馬斯 .格雷 70. he declined the Poet laureateship in 年，他竟謝絕了授予他的詩人桂冠獎。 74. A conscientious artist of the first rate, Gray wrote slowly and carefully, painstakingly seeking perfection of form and ，作品誕生速度慢，卻精益求精。這首詩被列為英國十八世紀最優(yōu)秀的詩歌之一。 4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18thcentury writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary 18 世紀盛行的文學及哲學基調 理性，新古典主義文學家認為人是社會性的動物，而浪漫主義文學家認為人應該是獨立自由的個體。 8. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men,” and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”華茲華斯認為詩人是對著廣大人民講話的人，而詩歌是強烈情感的自發(fā)流露，發(fā)乎情，止乎靜。 12. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people and the mon everyday life for ，他們會在窮苦百姓及日常生活中找尋素材。這種小說的主要題材是暴力，恐怖及 對超自然力（鬼神）的描寫。 21. The “marriage,” to Blake, means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the 姻對布萊克意味著矛盾的調和，而并非一方從屬于另一方。 24. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his 征。 28. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of nature.”華被稱為 ”大自然的膜拜者 ”。 32. Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past .華茲華斯是一個懷舊的詩人。 30. His works contain “The Solitary Reaper”, “To a Highland Girl”, ”The Old Cumberland Beggar ” and “The Ruined Cottage”.他的作品包括《孤獨的收割者》，《致高地姑娘》，《老坎伯蘭的乞丐》和《被摧毀的茅屋》。 26. In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet 政府為他發(fā)了津貼，次年他壓倒騷塞成為了“桂冠詩人”。 Vision” and that “The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative.”布萊克熱切地宣布：“我認為人世凡塵是一個充滿想象與幻想的世界，我的作品也如人世凡塵一樣充滿想象與幻覺。 要點中英文對照版 第 11 頁，共 34 頁 19. Childhood is central to Blake?s concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historical 《天真之歌》和《經(jīng)驗之歌》中，童年是布萊克主要描述的中心，這個描述中心使作品富有社會與歷史性的參考價值。他是英國文學史上第一位重要的歷史小說家。 10. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true ，還強調靈感與創(chuàng)作的自發(fā)性，認為有這兩種才智才能創(chuàng)造出真正的詩歌。 6. The Romantic period is an age of 。 2. In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into 年“改革法案”在議會 通過并實施。其中，格雷揭示了生與死的愁苦與神秘，并略述了自己憂傷的心情。 72. His masterpiece, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” was published in 1751. The poem once and for all established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School”.1757 年，他的代表作《墓園挽歌》出版這首詩奠定了他在當時作為感傷主義詩歌創(chuàng)始人的地位，尤其是從此他便成為“墓地詩歌”流派的代表?！对熘{學?！肥菍?18 世紀英國貴族資產(chǎn)階級的道德敗壞，對無聊的富人惡意的制造謠言，對上層社會驕奢淫逸的生活以及對在高貴生活方式和高尚道德準則的掩飾下的道德淪喪與虛偽假善的辛辣諷刺。 67. His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English 《情敵》和《造謠學校》被認為是上承莎士比亞，下接蕭伯 納的紐帶，是真正的英國古典派喜劇。 63. Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concerned with the theme of the vanity of human ，他十分關心人類欲望的虛幻，幾乎他所有的作品都含有這樣的主題。 61. His chief works include pomes: “London”, and “The Vanity of Human Wishes”。 57. Tom Jones brings its author the name of the “Prose Home.” The panoramic view it provides of the 18thcentury English country.《湯姆 .瓊斯》為費爾丁贏得了“散文荷馬”的盛名，小說為讀者提供了一幅英國 18 世紀鄉(xiāng)村與城市的宏偉的全景圖。 要點中英文對照版 第 8 頁，共 34 頁 53. he was the first to set out , both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “ic epic in prose,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and “散文體喜劇史詩”，并第一個為現(xiàn)代小說確立了結構和風格。 49. “The Great Man, properly considered, is no better than a great gangster”The History of Jonathan Wild the Great從某種意義上說，偉大的人物無 異于“偉大”的匪徒 《偉大的喬納森懷爾德》。 (V)Henry Fielding 亨利 .費爾丁 45. During his career as a dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of 里，費爾丁曾嘗試過許多不同的戲劇模式。 42. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.” Clear, simple, concrete diction, unplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of language mark all his writingsessays, poems and 好的文風，即“在恰當?shù)牡胤接们‘數(shù)脑~”。 38. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is 認為人性永遠有著嚴重的瑕疵，為了使人的生活更美好，人們需要啟蒙。在此，魯賓遜是真正的英雄：一個典型的英國十八世紀中產(chǎn)階級人士。 32. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and