【正文】
技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀。 在廣泛收集和研究有關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,著手擬定夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)方案,主要包括:1)根據(jù)工藝的定位原理,確定工件的定位方式,選擇定位元件。在確定方案的過程中,會有各種方案供選擇,但應(yīng)從保證精度和降低成本的角度出發(fā),選擇一個與生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)相適應(yīng)的最佳方案。3)根據(jù)工件定位基準的類型和主次,選擇合適的定位元件,合理布置定位點,以滿足定位設(shè)計的相容性。6)最后繪制出夾具體及連接元件,把夾具的各組成元件和裝置連成一體。(3)夾具與刀具的聯(lián)系尺寸:用來確定夾具上對刀、導(dǎo)引元件位置的尺寸。對于車、磨床夾具,主要是指夾具與主軸端的配合尺寸;對于銑、刨床夾具,則是指夾具上的定向鍵與機床工作臺上的T型槽的配合尺寸。在夾具總圖上應(yīng)標注的技術(shù)條件(位置精度要求)有如下幾個方面:(1)定位元件之間或定位元件與夾具體底面間的位置要求,其作用是保證工件加工面與工件定位基準面間的位置精度。(5)夾具在機床上安裝時位置精度要求。在夾具設(shè)計中,當結(jié)構(gòu)方案擬定之后,應(yīng)該對夾具的方案進行精度分析和估算;在夾具總圖設(shè)計完成后,還應(yīng)該根據(jù)夾具有關(guān)元件的配合性質(zhì)及技術(shù)要求,再進行一次復(fù)核。視圖、投影應(yīng)完整,尺寸要標注齊全,所標注的公差及技術(shù)條件應(yīng)符合總圖要求,加工精度及表面光潔度應(yīng)選擇合理。夾具設(shè)計質(zhì)量評估,就是對夾具的磨損公差的大小和過程誤差的留量這兩項指標進行考核,以確保夾具的加工質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定和使用壽命。20=79401N查表可得,鉆削水平分力,垂直分力,軸向力與圓周分力的比值:故 在計算切削力時,必須考慮安全系數(shù),安全系數(shù) () 式中: —基本安全系數(shù), —加工性質(zhì)系數(shù), —刀具鈍化系數(shù), —斷續(xù)切削系數(shù),則 () =211366N選用螺旋—板夾緊機構(gòu),故夾緊力 ()為夾具定位面及夾緊面上的摩擦系數(shù),=則 N=211366247。5)工序精度分析 影響設(shè)計尺寸的各項誤差分析1)重合,故產(chǎn)生定位誤差。并按要求標注夾具有關(guān)的尺寸、公差和技術(shù)要求。這是我們都希望看到的也正是我們進行畢業(yè)設(shè)計的目的所在。 (2)學(xué)習(xí)了夾具設(shè)計的相關(guān)知識,一定程度上提高了制圖能力。深刻感受到自己知識的匱乏,不能融入時代前進的步伐,需努力掌握更多專業(yè)知識和技能。2008(9).[16]Veryzer R W,Hutchinson J W. The Flexibility of a Tubular Welded Joint in a Vehicle Frame. SAE Transactions740340.[17]CHEN demin,LIU xueyuan,HU jibin, Fracture of ShiftingYoke in the GearBox for a Wheeled Chariot Based on Miner’s Accumulated Damage .致 謝我畢業(yè)設(shè)計的題目是:CA1091傳動軸凸緣叉加工工藝及夾具設(shè)計。紀老師對我細心指導(dǎo)、講解,向我推薦相關(guān)資料,將自己收藏的書借給我。s fixture priority is to ensure machining accuracy, especially that of the machining process and positioning surface and processed surface between the position precision. After using this fixture mainly rely on precision tools and fixtures to ensure no longer rely on workers, the technical level. Second is to improve labor productivity, reduce cost, use fixture after is crossed, can reduce the auxiliary time, and easy to implement and multistage process. In modern times, is widely used in the machine tool39。機床夾具的首要任務(wù)是保證加工精度,特別是保證被加工工件的加工面與定位面以及被加工表面相互之間的位置精度。成組夾具是在成組技術(shù)原理指導(dǎo)下,為執(zhí)行成組工藝而設(shè)計的夾具,與專用夾具相比,成組夾具的設(shè)計不是針對某一零件的某一工序,而是針對一組零件的某個工序,即成組夾具要適應(yīng)零件組內(nèi)所有零件的在某一工序的加工。定位誤差和夾緊誤差合稱為工件安裝誤差.由于這21種零件全部為薄壁件,所以確定夾具方案的關(guān)鍵便是將夾緊變形控制在最小。I、確定平面的3點必須形成穩(wěn)定支撐,即三角形的重心靠近工件的中心限制防轉(zhuǎn)自由度的2點距離越遠,定位越準確。面加工不良,主要是平面度不良,平面度超差會在下道工序的加工中產(chǎn)生較大的夾緊變形,在夾緊狀態(tài),零件精度會在公差之內(nèi),松開之后,夾緊變形恢復(fù),此時零件精度就會發(fā)生變化,而且具有規(guī)律性。在傳統(tǒng)加工中,對于有銑削平面加工的工序,一般都增加幾個輔助支撐,防止由于切削力造成的工件變形影響加工精度,由于高速切削切削力減小,所以,一般不再需要輔助支撐。支撐點和夾緊點最好是球面,保證各處是點接觸,否則會因為毛坯平面的撓曲變形造成 夾緊變形。 由于高速切削加工切削力降低30%以上,減少加工變形,一般建議不必增加輔助支撐便可保證加工精度。該夾具是典型的六點定位原則的夾具,夾緊采用液壓式夾緊。值得下載。另外,在零件加工過程中,對于某一工序而言,是否使用夾具,使用什么類型的夾具,以及使用什么檔次的夾具,都要在夾具設(shè)計前必須加以認真的考慮。成組夾具的設(shè)計,在考慮上述問題的同時,還需要考慮多種零件采用一套夾具加工,而且品種更換時間要在短時間之內(nèi)完成。當工件的上表面無法夾緊時,可采用側(cè)面夾緊,如果被夾緊的零件是盒形件,一定在工件內(nèi)增加塞塊,用以避免夾緊變形。在定 位、夾緊點的選擇上注意以下幾個問題:由3個支撐點形成一個支撐平面來支撐工件,這樣可以避免由于毛坯工件的平面度偏差 而造成加工表面的平面度超差,并且支撐點與夾緊點應(yīng)上下重合,避免形成彎矩引 起工件變形。夾緊點不合理。根據(jù)生產(chǎn)批量及零件的結(jié)構(gòu)及精度,有的零件平面單獨加工,有的零件平面及孔在一道工序中加工。國內(nèi)在引進產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的同時,不太注重加工技術(shù)的引進,生產(chǎn)批量不同、加工工藝不同、使用設(shè)備不同,那么所需要的夾緊定位點則不同,在引進的同時必須消化吸收,所以在此次工藝設(shè)計過程中,按夾緊定位的實際需要,在毛坯中增加統(tǒng)一的定位及夾緊點。工件在機床上加工時,首先要使工件在機床上或夾具中占有某一正確位置,這就是定位,為了防止加工過程中切削力或其他外力破壞這一正確位置,還必須將工件夾牢壓緊,這就是夾緊,工件定位與夾緊的過程就稱為工件安裝。其次是提高勞動生產(chǎn)率,降低成本,使用夾具后可減少劃線、找正等輔助時間,且易于實現(xiàn)多件、多工位加工。t notice the processing technology, especially the shell parts, production batch processing, different, use equipment that needs are different, clamping orientated in the introduction, digestion and absorption and must therefore in the design process, according to the actual needs of clamping positioning in blank, add uniform positioning and clamping point.The selection principle of orientated may not deviate from the principle of localization, but at the time must note in the selection, I truly, Planar 3 point must form a stable support, namely the gravity of the triangle, near the workpiece center turn against restrictions freedom 2 some farther, the more accurate positioning.In parts of the shell, the key process is first step graphic processing. According to the production batch and parts The structure and the precision, some parts processing, some parts of planar alone on a plane and hole machining process. Graphic processing quality directly cause the whole process, the success or failure. Surface processing, mainly is bad, the flatness of the flatness of the next procedure of processing produce larger clamping deformation, clamping, precision parts in tolerance, loosen, clamping displacementrestoring, precision parts will change, and with regularity. Surface processing by fixture causes adverse has two main: 1, the location selection is not reasonable, 2, clamping point is not reasonable. Therefore, the shell parts processing, surface of fixture design bees important.In the traditional processing, for milling machining processes, plane monly, add a few auxiliary support to prevent due to the distortion caused by cutting force influence, because highspeed cutting machining precision cutting force, so, no need additional support monly.In the face of processing, must consider the process of flexibility, can use the car is not to milling machining. In clamping point, on the choice of pay attention to the following problems:1. By 3 strong point to form a support to support workpiece surface, can avoid blank piece of planar degree due to the deviation caused the machined surface flatness, and supporting and clamping point should avoid a moment, and led up distortion. Because of clamping workpiece elastic deformation, loosen the clamping after sp