【正文】 principles have to be observed.1. The activity of the train dispatchers which is at the moment primarily concentrated at keeping records of the train operations with a certain delay with regard to the actual situation should pass over to a strategy of advanced management using train operation forecast and of applying optimized algorithms for wording out operational plans covering foreseeable periods of future activities.2. A continuous automated monitoring of possible handicaps has to be introduced. This will enable the train dispatchers staff by using the manmachine dialog mode of operation to consider within several minutes a number of managerial alternatives to choose the most effectives of them to prevent minor handicaps form developing into major traffic problems.3. The supply of information to the dispatchers staff has to be automated using specific facilities developed for the purpose, as well as data provided by the existing automated operations management system. Presently the train dispatchers spend 30 to 40% of their working time to acquire this information. This will also make it possible to automate accounting activity of train operations.4. Based on using automated information systems and on introducing uptodate control equipment the routes covered by the dispatchers at the sectional, regional and ministerial levels should be extended, and traffic control over long routes should be integrated.5. Centralizing train dispatching control, setting up of big dispatching centers equipped with modern means of munication, puters and with automated consoles for the dispatchers is of major importance. Such a control console, for a sectional train dispatcher, for instance, should consist of: a multisectional panel with a colored presentation of the section track layout or with the presentation of the entire route indicating train numbers as well as other data supplied by the puter。230。dw?li?/ Relocate /ri180。s Daily reported on Thursday.The project involves kilometers of railways, with 470 kilometers of new lines to be built, 510 kilometers to be electrified and 680 kilometers doubletracked.According to Zhou Congqing, the official in charge of the project, more than 3,300hectares of land will be requisitioned and many dwellings relocated.Technicians are working on an engineering plan, and the whole project is expected to be pleted in1990. Words and ExpressionsUpgrade /180。ni?? tiv/ ，主動(dòng)性，積極性Turnover / /180。ks/ ；稅款Profit /180。impl? m? nt/ ，落實(shí)Thoughout ……期間；全……，……到處180。d?mini180。s why we use the contract system to stimulate workers initiative for higher turnovers.” One official said.Although the contract system was practiced last year only in its transport sector, the ministry was able to handle per cent more cargo than in 1985.In the first half of this year, the total volume of cargo and passenger transport was up and per cent over the same 1985 period, respectively, the officials reported.Meanwhile, a feeder railway funded by famers in a village in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, is expected to open to traffic in October, according to the overseas edition of People180。s Daily.Farmers in Xinhua village raised 2 million yuan(about $540,000) to build a 600metre feeder railway line to speed up transport between urban and rural areas. (Xinhua)Words and ExpressionsContract /180。stre?? n/ ? ；管理，經(jīng)營Experiment /ik180。 ，全部地Cease /sis/ Allocate /180。prɑfit/ ，贏利；利益Exclusively /ik180。t?n?ov?/ ，產(chǎn)值Sector /180。Λp?ɡred/ Λ ；使升級，改良In charge of 負(fù)責(zé)……；主管……Hectare /180。loket/ 3. Rail capacity doublesEach kilometers of railway in China carried billion tons of freight in the first six months of this year on average, double that in1978.Officials of the Railways Ministry said that the present structure can hardly meet the needs of the developing economy.The ministry is now concentrating on expanding the handling capacity of the existing railroads, while constructing or upgrading new lines.Among the 38 marshalling yards in China,28 have increased the number of trains they send out every day by 10 to 30 per cent. The yards sent out 38,000 trains every day last year, 15 per cent more than in the previous year.Since April, the number of passenger and freight trains has increased by 22 per cent and 20 per cent, respectively, pared to 1978. Now passenger trains are capable of transporting three million people a day.The project to add a doubletrack along the line between Hengyang in Hunan Province and Guangzhou is nearly plete. And the project of expanding the railway network in eastern China is going on smoothly. (Xinhua)Words and ExpressionsFreight /fret/ Average /180。vri?/ v ，均值On average 按均值計(jì)算，平均Marshalling/180。 a graphical display to keep the planned schedule。sΛm? ri/ maili?/fors/ ?? n? ?laiz/ ，手段；工具，設(shè)備Train scheduling 鐵路業(yè)務(wù)；鐵路部門Observe /? b180。vaitl/ To keep informed on 梯隊(duì)，級別Dispatches staff ofUpper control echelon230。h230。 人機(jī)對話方式Accounting activcity Multisectional panelh?nsiv/ ，綜合的 prehensive measures 綜合措施undertake /?Λnd?180。mɑditi/ n. 商品，貨物 forward /180。230。w230。kɑm? ?det/ . 供應(yīng)，供給substantial s? b180。θru?put/ sp?nd? t??/ n. 交出，費(fèi)用Note Applying puter techniques in handling traffic made it possible to take into acco