外文翻譯--中國的人口老齡化(文件)
【正文】 %增長到%，使得老齡化的增長趨勢本身就無法匹敵。為了解決老年人的贍養(yǎng)問題，我們調(diào)查了傳統(tǒng)的家庭照顧體系以及在 1987 年改革開放政策啟動以來所 面對的挑戰(zhàn)。 二、 急劇下降的生育和死亡率模式 作為世界上現(xiàn)存最古老的人類社會，中國的人口歷史到了二十世紀(jì)符合典型的人口過渡模式中的前過渡階段的描述。 三、 城市和鄉(xiāng)村的老齡化趨勢 低死亡率和低生育率的成功使得人口老齡化加劇。 四、 生活安排的趨勢 研究老年人的生活安排有必要去理解親屬是否可以提供贍養(yǎng)。年齡超過 65 歲的空巢家庭將會達(dá)到 2020 年的三倍。 六、 結(jié) 論 目前正如三十年前一樣，人口過多仍是主要問題。這是一個極具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，因?yàn)橹袊司杖胨绞峭瑯用鎸θ丝诶淆g化的發(fā)達(dá)國家四分之一而已。有許多證據(jù)表明中國的父母和子女間有著緊密的聯(lián) 系和兩代間的凝聚力。 Population Aging in China 1 Introduction The proximate determinants of population aging in China are fundamentally the same as those in any other country. It is an inevitable consequence of the process known as the “ demographic transition” in which declining fertility together with a rise in life expectancy leads to a shift towards an older age structure of the population. Yet, the story of population aging in China is unmistakably unique, shaped by its distinct historical, cultural, economic and political contexts. The pace of its aging trend is by itself unparalleled, with the proportion of older adults projected to grow from per cent to per cent over the first half of the twentyfirst century (United Nations 2020). As the most populous country in the world, this increase in the population of elderly translates to an astounding growth of 242 million people, which would qualify it It is the purpose of this chapter to examine the multifaceted process of population aging in China, with particular attention to its socialist/munist background. We begin by exploring the demographic determinants and trends of population aging, highlighting the role of state policies in facilitating the fertility and mortality declines. To address the issue of elderly caregiving, we examine the traditional family support system and the challenges it faces since the launch of the economic reform policies in 1978. We then rev
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