20xx年醫(yī)學(xué)專題—第二十二章-細(xì)胞周期及其調(diào)控-wenkub
2024-11-16 00 本頁面
【正文】 nggu242。nɡ)的重要性 細(xì)胞周期及其調(diào)控的復(fù)雜性,第二頁，共八十一頁。,前言(qi225。o k242。nɡ),徐朝陽(ch225。n y225。,細(xì)胞周期,細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控(di224。)三部分的學(xué)習(xí)了解細(xì)胞周期,第三頁，共八十一頁。,第六頁，共八十一頁。o)事件,第九頁，共八十一頁。)決定 晚G1期：復(fù)制準(zhǔn)備,細(xì)胞周期時間的長短主要(zhǔy224。i),DNA合成(h233。,3.G2期動態(tài)(d242。,G1G2期主要物質(zhì)(w249。ngt224。o k242。這些因子也造成(z224。bāo)內(nèi)可擴(kuò)散因子的存在可以誘導(dǎo)間期細(xì)胞(x236。,The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Paul Nurse for their discoveries of “key regulators of the cell cycle“. Using genetic and biochemical methods, they identified the molecules CDK and cyclin that control the cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms. These fundamental discoveries have a profound impact on many aspects of biology and medicine.,CDK and cyclin are key molecules that control and coordinate DNAsynthesis, chromosome separation and cell division. CDK and cyclin together drive the cell from one cell cycle phase to the next.,第二十頁，共八十一頁。,2.引擎(yǐnq237。ng),第二十五頁，共八十一頁。ngch233。,Cdk抑制(y236。o k242。,C. M期,第三十二頁，共八十一頁。 Cdc25A 對于有效地促進(jìn)細(xì)胞進(jìn)入S 期是必需的, 其表達(dá)量的增加可促進(jìn)G1/ S和G2/ M 檢驗點(diǎn)之間的轉(zhuǎn)變。,Cdc25 的作用(zu242。ng)而被負(fù)調(diào)控。,3.清道夫：周期性蛋白質(zhì)降解(ji224。nɡ)蛋白質(zhì)和一些異常蛋白質(zhì)降解的普遍途徑。)過程,泛素先被合成為一種沒有活性的前體，之后在C端水解酶的作用下暴露雙Gly位點(diǎn)而進(jìn)行成熟化。,第三十七頁，共八十一頁。,Unlinking of sister chromatids initiates anaphase,Model for control of entry into anaphase by APCregulated degradation of the cohesin link between sister chromatids.,第四十一頁，共八十一頁。主要是檢查和控制細(xì)胞周期中的一些關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)換。,細(xì)胞周期檢控(jiǎn k242。,第四十四頁，共八十一頁。 R點(diǎn)受細(xì)胞體積、接觸抑制、營養(yǎng)條件、生長因子、發(fā)育、藥物、DNA損傷情況等多方面因素的影響，其中生長因子的存在是細(xì)胞越過R點(diǎn)的必要條件。n)細(xì)胞增殖的功能。,表皮生長因子 轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子α/ β 骨形成蛋白(d224。i),第四十九頁，共八十一頁。i)1/2,Cdc25,激活(jī hu243。,4.3 DNA復(fù)制(f249。i)1/2,Cdc25,激活,激活,磷酸化,出核降解，防止Cdk1磷酸化抑制的解除,Waf1/Cip1,磷酸化激活,Cdk1磷酸化抑制,第五十五頁，共八十一頁。,第五十八頁，共八十一頁。,細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué)(yīxu233。i)表達(dá)異常,Cyclin D overexpressed or amplified in a variety of human cancers. Breast 50% Head amp。,Insertional Mutagenesis of Cyclin A in Liver Cancer,Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3:11, 1993,Consequence: Protein is not degraded Cyclin A overexpressed,
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