【正文】 30 24 ( , ) Matched: Appraiser39。 (MSA手冊第三版定義 ) Measurement System As A Process Cleanliness Temperature Dimension Weight Corrosion Hardness Conductivity Density Sequence Timing Positioning Location Setup Preparation Cleanliness Temperature Design Precision Calibration Resolution Stability Wear Cleanliness Vibration Atmospheric pressure Lighting Temperature Humidity Complianceprocedure Fatigue Attention Calculation error Interpretation Speed Coordination Vision Knowledgeinstrument Dexterity People Environment Measurement Error Method Material Machine Components Of Measurement Error ? Resolution/Discrimination 分辨率 ? Accuracy (bias effects) 準確度（偏離） ? Linearity 線性 ? Stability (consistency) 穩(wěn)定性（一致性） ? Repeatability (Precision) 重復性（精度） ? Reproducibility (Precision) 再現(xiàn)性（精度） Each ponent of measurement error can contribute to variation, causing wrong decisions to be made 測量誤差的每一項都可能對變差造成影響而使我們做出錯誤的決策 Categories Of Measurement Error Which Affect Location 影響位置的測量誤差 Accuracy/ Bias Linearity Stability Categories Of Measurement Error Which Affect Spread 影響分布的測量誤差 Repeatability Reproducibility Precision Resolution/Discrimination 分辨率 Can change be detected? 能偵測到改變嗎？ Resolution? Accuracy/Bias? Linearity? Stability? Precision (RR)? OK OK OK OK Resolution Definitions 分辨率定義 ? Resolution/Discrimination 分辨率 – Capability to detect the smallest tolerable changes 可以偵測最小變化的能力 ? Inadequate Measurement Units 不充分的度量單位 – Measurement units too large to detect variation present 度量單位過大而不能偵測到變化 ? Guideline: “10 Bucket Rule” 1/10原則 – Increments in the measurement system should be onetenth the product specification or process variation 測量系統(tǒng)必須精確到產品范圍或過程變差的 1/10 Same process output being measured 1 2 3 4 5 Better Discrimination 1 2 3 4 5 Poor Discrimination 1 Resolution/Discrimination 分辨率 Resolution 分辨率 On Hold plaints per hour 每小時的投訴 Complaint Number Transfers 50 Disputes 210 Information 143 Other 12 Total 415 What is the customer’s biggest plaint? On Hold plaints per hour Complaint Number Transfers 50 Set up or Maintenance Disputes 70 Service Received Disputes 60 Billing Amount Disputes 80 Update Account Information 115 Request Information 28 Other 12 ? Total 415 What is the customer’s biggest plaint? Resolution Accuracy/Bias 準確性 /偏離 Measurements are “shifted” from “true” value 測量值偏離真值 Resolution? Accuracy/Bias? Linearity? Stability? Precision (RR)? OK OK OK OK Difference between the observed average value of measurements and the master value 測量平均值與基準值之間的差異 Master Value (Reference Standard) Average Value Master value is an accepted, traceable reference standard 基準值是公認的標準值 Accuracy/Bias 準確性 /偏離 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Less accurate More accurate Accuracy/Bias 準確性 /偏離 Linearity 線性 Measurement is not “true” and/or consistent across the range of the “gage” 測量系統(tǒng)在測量范圍內與儀器范圍的不一致性 Resolution? Accuracy/Bias? Linearity? Stability? Precision (RR)? OK OK OK OK Linearity Full Range of Gage Reference Value No Bias Observed Average Value Bias Linearity Attribute Example Survey scoring: __ Super Outstanding! 10 __ Outstanding! 9 __ Incredible 8 __ Excellent 7 __ Great 6 __ Very Good 5 __ Good 4 __ OK 3 __ Fair 2 __ Poor 1 Is this a fair scale? Stability 穩(wěn)定性 Measurement drifts 測量系統(tǒng)偏移 Resolution? Accuracy/Bias? Linearity? Stability? Precision (RR)? OK OK OK OK Stability 穩(wěn)定性 ? Measurements remain constant and predictable over time 測量系統(tǒng)隨時間保持一致性與可 預見性 – For both mean and standard deviation 含均值與標準偏差 ? Evaluated using control charts 可用控制圖來檢查 Time 2 Time 1 Master Value (Reference Standard) Precision 精確性 Repeatability and Reproducibility 重復性與再現(xiàn)性 Resolution? Accuracy/Bias? Linearity? Stability? Precision (RR)? OK OK OK OK Precision 精確性 ?2total = ?2product/process + ?2repeatability + ?2reproducibility Good Precision Poor Precision Master Value A B Also known as Gage RR Repeatability 重復性 Variation that occurs when repeated measurements are made of the same item under absolutely identical conditions – Same: ? Operator ? Setup ? Units ? Environmental conditions 重復性：同一個人使用同樣的設備、同樣的儀器在同樣的條件