中國有源相控陣技術發(fā)展狀況及其戰(zhàn)略影響-wenkub
2023-07-13 22:02:57 本頁面
【正文】 G63(V)2是世界范圍內(nèi)最先裝備戰(zhàn)斗機并投入使用的雷達。The Technological Maturity of Chinese AESA Technology amp。位于埃爾門多的美國F15C單位夫于2000年最先接收該新型雷達。s Note: During the research process on the J31’s avionics (for the uping Threat Analysis of Foreign Stealth Fighters:J31 Part II), it became apparent that very few credible, verifiable, and nonspeculative English based source materials existed on the subject of PLA fighter radars. Basic information, such the proper name or designation of a radar system is utilized by a particular fighter often varies between sources。一些基礎信息，例如裝備特定戰(zhàn)斗機的雷達系統(tǒng)的名稱或型號與其生產(chǎn)廠商有關；中國國產(chǎn)雷達的性能參數(shù)很難被證實。本文主要關注AESA技術，但該技術的更詳細描述可參考Karlo Kopp的《有源相控陣列——一個成熟的技術》一文。機頭部位的容積是一個相當直觀的約束條件，飛機鼻錐部位容積越大，雷達（天線陣面）越大。因此，在封裝技術上的進步，將允許工程師們在固定的飛機鼻錐空間里布置更多的T/R組件。少數(shù)先進AESA系統(tǒng)，例如：ZhukAE雷達，使用多聯(lián)裝T/R組件封裝技術，中國第一代AESA系統(tǒng)可能也使用了多聯(lián)裝T/R組件設計。在眾多已裝備的航電機載設備中所使用的傳統(tǒng)風冷技術，并不適用于高密度封裝的AESA系統(tǒng)，因此，現(xiàn)代AESA系統(tǒng)采用液冷技術。相比較傳統(tǒng)風冷戰(zhàn)斗機雷達而言，AESA系統(tǒng)將更加可靠，但同時需要更高的功耗和更苛刻的散熱需求，通過發(fā)射更高功率電磁波信號，就可以獲得更遠的目標探測距離性能（但更高的發(fā)射功率同樣意味著雷達系統(tǒng)可能更早被敵方ESM或RWR設備偵測而暴露）。 J10B units achieved initial operational capability (IOC) in October of 2014. The volume of the J10s nose cone is not substantially different from that of the F16 or the Israeli Lavi from which the J10 is partially based. Therefore, if one were to assume China had reached parity with the United States in packaging technology, the 1,200 T/R module figure would be plausible but slightly high. For parison, the APG80 AESA for the F16C/D Block 60 has 1,000 T/R modules (DSB, 2001). However, it is unlikely that China has been able to reach parity with the United States in terms of packaging technology on their first generation AESA design. Neither Russia nor Israel was able to field 1,000 T/R element arrays within their first generation fighter mounted AESAs for similar nose volumes as the F16 with the Mig35 and Israeli F16 respectively.中國軍事防御論壇上登載了圖片的副本，圖片聲稱J20的AESA系統(tǒng)T/R組件數(shù)量為1856個，J16為1760個，J10B為1200個。作為比較，配裝F16C/D Block 60的APG80 AESA雷達系統(tǒng)擁有1000個T/R組件（美國國防科技局，2001）。以色列的ELM2052 AESA雷達，在F16和FA50戰(zhàn)斗機上都擁有一定市場（后者是韓國聯(lián)合航空工業(yè)集團在洛克希德馬丁公司F16上研發(fā)的一款戰(zhàn)機），據(jù)估計，該型雷達擁有約512個T/R組件（Trimble公司，2014）。The prospect of China’s TR packaging technology being on par with US firms within a single generation of radars is even more dubious when one examines the preference for an incremental technological development within the Chinese aerospace industry. Several Chinese aviation authors have hypothesized that the J10B serves as a “technological stepping stone” with respect to the development of the more advanced J20. For example, Feng Cao argues the J10B and the J16 AESAs were likely used to test technology related to the J20’s AESA which would be a second generation Chinese design. By virtue of the larger nose volumes in the J16 and J20 airframes, it is highly probable the two aircraft will feature radars with more T/R modules than the J10B’s radar. 通過參考中國航空工業(yè)的漸增性開發(fā)模式不難推測，在單獨一代雷達中，中國的封裝技術水平很難趕超美國同行。The J16 utilizes the Su27BS airframe which has room for a meter aperture in the nose which is on par with the F15 and F22 in terms of volume (Kopp, 2012). The 1,500 element N036 Tikhomirov NIIP AESA has a similar aperture size to the electronically scanned array (ESA) IrbisE radar featured in the Su35 series of fighters which shares the base Su27 airframe. If the 1,760 T/R figure is correct it would indicate the Chinese aer
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