unit-7-the-glorious-messiness-of-english-wenkub
2023-06-11 22:34:06 本頁面
【正文】 g direct to the heart that speaks to us from the earliest words in our language. 這段文字中幾乎每個(gè)詞都來自古英語，只有最后一個(gè)詞——surrender 是個(gè)例外，來自諾曼法語。s armies positioned to cross the English Channel: We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. 偉大的演說家常常用古英語來激發(fā)我們的情感。 and necessities (food, water). These words all e from Old English or AngloSaxon English, the core of our language. Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us. 歐洲沿海一個(gè)彈丸小島的語言何以會(huì)成為地球上的通用語言，比歷史上任何一種其他語言都更為廣泛地被口頭和書面使用？英語的歷史體現(xiàn)在孩子最先學(xué)會(huì)用來表示身份（I, me, you）、所屬關(guān)系（mine, yours）、身體部位（eye, nose, mouth）、大小高矮（tall, short），以及生活必需品（food, water）的詞匯當(dāng)中。 4 How did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe bee the language of the planet more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been? The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity (I, me, you)。嚴(yán)格地說，該詞是由日本制造商發(fā)明的，他們把兩個(gè)簡單的英語單詞拼在一起來命名他們的產(chǎn)品。法國政府試圖逐出英語詞匯，宣稱Walkman（隨身聽）一詞有傷大雅，因此他們?cè)炝藗€(gè)新詞balladeur讓法國兒童用——可他們就是不用。 2 French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. The government tries to ban words from English and declares that Walkman is not desirable。麥克尼爾回顧英語的歷史，得出結(jié)論說，英語對(duì)變化的包容性體現(xiàn)了根深蒂固的自由思想。Some languages resist the introduction of new words. Others, like English, seem to wele them. Robert MacNeil looks at the history of English and es to the conclusion that its tolerance for change represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom. 有些語言拒絕引入新詞。 The Glorious Messiness of EnglishRobert MacNeil 1 The story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer. 英語中絢麗多彩的雜亂無章現(xiàn)象羅伯特 so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead but they don39。 3 Walkman is fascinating because it isn39。這事兒我們不介意，法國人卻耿耿于懷。 possession (mine, yours)。這些詞都來自英語的核心部分古英語或盎格魯－薩克遜英語。例如，在二戰(zhàn)期間，溫斯頓丘吉爾原本可以說：“We shall never give in,”但這正是英語迷人之處和活力所在，作家為了加強(qiáng)效果可以糅合來自不同背景的不同詞匯。當(dāng)時(shí)不列顛的居民凱爾特人使用的那些語言流傳下來主要成了威爾士語。 9 Identifying similar words, linguists have e up with what they call an IndoEuropean parent language, spoken until 3500 to 2000 . These people had mon words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in northcentral Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward the gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesar39。一些人向東遷徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各種語言，有些人則向西漂泊，來到歐洲氣候較為溫暖的地區(qū)。 11 The AngloSaxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter. 盎格魯－薩克遜人將他們的農(nóng)耕詞匯留傳給我們，包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field 和work等。 13 Then into this relatively peaceful land came the Vikings from Scandinavia. They also brought to English many words that begin with sk, like sky and skirt. But Old Norse and English both survived, and so you can rear a child (English) or raise a child (Norse). Other such pairs survive: wish and want, craft and skill, hide and skin. Each such addition gave English more richness, more variety. 接著北歐海盜從斯堪的納維亞來到了這塊相對(duì)和平的土地。每一個(gè)類似的詞的增添都使英語更加豐富，更加多樣化。例如，盎格魯－薩克遜語有kingly一詞，但諾曼人入侵后，royal 和 sovereign作為替代詞進(jìn)入了英語?？怂诡D在英國制造了一臺(tái)印刷
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