【正文】 coordinatecovalent bond 共價鍵 covalent bond Earlier Goodyear(1839,美 ) 天然橡膠 （ nature rubble） Parks (1855,美 ) 硝化纖維素 （ guncotton） 樟腦 （ camphor） 人造絲 （ rayon） de Chardon (1883,法 ) 賽璐璐 (celluloid） Hyatt (1870) 高分子和我們的關(guān)系 Oil industry data shows that only about 9% of all crude oil is used for largest use of crude oil is in fuel for transport(about53%).Of the oil used for petrochemicals,about half goes into plastics,so that the plete abolition of plastics would have a tiny effect on oil ,plastics production uses oil fractions that might otherwise be flared。s outstanding and original work. ? α烯烴的催化二聚作用 ,合成高級 α烯烴 ? 乙烯經(jīng)烷基鋁催化合成高級伯醇 ? 由烯烴合成萜醇 ? 由烷基鋁經(jīng)電化學(xué)或其他方法合成其他金屬的烷基化合物 ? 利用氫化烷基鋁和三烷基鋁做有機(jī)物官能團(tuán)的還原劑 ? 以三烷基鋁與四氯化鈦為催化劑 (稱為 zieglernatta催化劑 )使乙烯在常溫常壓下聚合成線型聚乙烯 ,這項研究為高分子化學(xué)和配位催化作用開辟了廣闊的研究領(lǐng)域。t polymerize at all by free radical polymerization. So this is a pretty important polymerization reaction, this ZieglarNatta stuff. 3. P. J. Flory (USA， 1910～ 1985) Polymer scientist . 19, born in Sterling, Illinois, of HuguenotGerman parentage. 1931, graduated from the Manchester College. 1934, obtained his doctorate and joined the Central Research Department of the DuPont Company. 1937, joined the Basic Science Research Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati. 19431948, at the Research Laboratory of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. 1961, accepted a professorship in the Department of Chemistry at Stanford University Kiic studies of condensation polymerization enabled him to calculate the most probable distribution of molecular sizes in the polymer by assuming, contrary to conventional wisdom of the time, that reactivity is largely independent of molecular chain length. Other major contributions include the concept of chain transfer in the kiics of vinyl polymerization, a statistical theory of gel formation from monomers with more than two functional groups, the FloryHuggins theory of polymer solution thermodynamics, and the excluded volume effect which causes significant expansion of polymer coils over what had been previously theorized, theories of rubber elasticity and of liquid crystals, and many more. Flory, more than any other individual, showed that the physical and chemical properties of macromolecules are as understandable as those of nonpolymers via the basic principles of kiics, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics. 縮聚過程的分子量分布理論 molecular weight distribution theory of polycondensation 自由基聚合的鏈轉(zhuǎn)移理論 chain transfer theory of free radical polymerization 凝膠化理論 gelification theory 主要貢獻(xiàn) 非晶態(tài)高聚物本體構(gòu)象概念 conception of bulk conformation of amorphous polymer 高分子溶液熱力學(xué)理論 thermodynamic theory of polymer solution 溶液或熔體粘度與分子結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系 the relation between molecular structure and solution or melt viscosity 液晶高分子理論 liquid crystal polymer theory 1953 Principles of Polymer Chemistry 《 高分子化學(xué)原理 》 Became bibles in the field A prehensive guide to Polymers by the Nobel winning Flory himself! The book is an essential read for anyone interested in polymer science, and knowledge of how Flory developed and demonstrated several key ideas used in everyday polymer science. Not remended as a textbook for beginners, but as reference book for anyone planning to delve deeper into the subject! 1969 Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules 《 鏈分子的統(tǒng)計力學(xué) 》 It is the remended introduction into the subject of rotational isomeric state theory for the novice and the most important work of reference for those seeking to rationally deduce the conformational characteristics of macromolecules from a detailed knowledge of the chain structure. 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry For his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules 4. P. G. de Gennes (French， 1932～ ) 1932, Born in Paris. 1955, majored from the Ecole Normale Sup233。這是一種具有相當(dāng)規(guī)整結(jié)構(gòu)的材料，有較高的結(jié)晶度，且其表觀密度僅為 ／ cm2，這無疑給對其進(jìn)行摻雜提供了極好的基礎(chǔ)。這些工作對手性氫化催化劑在工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用起到極大的推動作用。對有機(jī)硅高分子、特別是硅碳硅氧鏈高分子的合成做了深入研究。著有《 有機(jī)合成化學(xué) 》 上下冊。 80年代以來開展高分子凝聚態(tài)基本物理問題的研究，提出了一些新概念和物理圖象來全面理解高分子凝聚態(tài)。長期以來任 《 高分子學(xué)報 》 與 《 中國高分子科學(xué) 》 (英文版 )二刊主編。曾任 《 中國大百科全書 曾獲國家自然科學(xué)獎、國家發(fā)明獎等 20余項國家、部委、省級獎勵，以及高分子學(xué)科高層次人才培養(yǎng)國家級優(yōu)秀教學(xué)成果獎、高分子化學(xué)育才獎、何梁何利基金科學(xué)與技術(shù)進(jìn)步獎。開發(fā)了 JD系列光學(xué)塑料，研究了微凝膠為核的星形共聚物并制成納米級高分子微粒和超薄功能膜，可作為分子器件的重要基材。 ? 1990,聚合過程中自由基的動力學(xué)及 ESR譜的研究 ,國家教委科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步二等獎 。在創(chuàng)建具有中國特色的稀土絡(luò)合催化聚合學(xué)科方面作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。 ? 1982年獲國家自然學(xué)科二等獎。 ? 1994年獲光華科技一等獎。 engineering 楊士林 (1919~) 8. . , born in Jiangsu province 1941, graduated from the chemistry department of Zhejiang University 19491951, studied in the Cop。 ? 1998年被選為第二屆中國 “ 十大女杰 ” 。 ? 1993年獲國家自然科學(xué)三等然。 80－ 90年代 將稀土絡(luò)合催化聚合研究推進(jìn)發(fā)展 ,又取得一系列創(chuàng)新成果。s academic ties are primarily in Zhejiang Province. She was a professor at Zhejiang University and the vicechair of the Zhejiang Association of Science and Technology. She has conducted research on polymer chemistry and its application basis, mainly on the catalytic polymerization of transient metal and rare earth chromium pounding. In the 1960s, she developed cispolybutadience in the ternary nickel system and her contributions led to the b