【正文】 chains in molten polymers move, making it possible for scientists to better determine and control polymer properties. Simple View on Condensed Matter 《 凝聚物質(zhì)概述 》 The works presents a personal selection of the major works of de Gennes. It es plete with afterthoughts by the author on his main papers, explaining their successes or weaknesses, and the current views on each special problem. This collector39。t polymerize at all by free radical polymerization. So this is a pretty important polymerization reaction, this ZieglarNatta stuff. 3. P. J. Flory (USA， 1910～ 1985) Polymer scientist . 19, born in Sterling, Illinois, of HuguenotGerman parentage. 1931, graduated from the Manchester College. 1934, obtained his doctorate and joined the Central Research Department of the DuPont Company. 1937, joined the Basic Science Research Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati. 19431948, at the Research Laboratory of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. 1961, accepted a professorship in the Department of Chemistry at Stanford University Kiic studies of condensation polymerization enabled him to calculate the most probable distribution of molecular sizes in the polymer by assuming, contrary to conventional wisdom of the time, that reactivity is largely independent of molecular chain length. Other major contributions include the concept of chain transfer in the kiics of vinyl polymerization, a statistical theory of gel formation from monomers with more than two functional groups, the FloryHuggins theory of polymer solution thermodynamics, and the excluded volume effect which causes significant expansion of polymer coils over what had been previously theorized, theories of rubber elasticity and of liquid crystals, and many more. Flory, more than any other individual, showed that the physical and chemical properties of macromolecules are as understandable as those of nonpolymers via the basic principles of kiics, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics. 縮聚過程的分子量分布理論 molecular weight distribution theory of polycondensation 自由基聚合的鏈轉(zhuǎn)移理論 chain transfer theory of free radical polymerization 凝膠化理論 gelification theory 主要貢獻 非晶態(tài)高聚物本體構(gòu)象概念 conception of bulk conformation of amorphous polymer 高分子溶液熱力學(xué)理論 thermodynamic theory of polymer solution 溶液或熔體粘度與分子結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系 the relation between molecular structure and solution or melt viscosity 液晶高分子理論 liquid crystal polymer theory 1953 Principles of Polymer Chemistry 《 高分子化學(xué)原理 》 Became bibles in the field A prehensive guide to Polymers by the Nobel winning Flory himself! The book is an essential read for anyone interested in polymer science, and knowledge of how Flory developed and demonstrated several key ideas used in everyday polymer science. Not remended as a textbook for beginners, but as reference book for anyone planning to delve deeper into the subject! 1969 Statistical Mechanics of Chain Molecules 《 鏈分子的統(tǒng)計力學(xué) 》 It is the remended introduction into the subject of rotational isomeric state theory for the novice and the most important work of reference for those seeking to rationally deduce the conformational characteristics of macromolecules from a detailed knowledge of the chain structure. 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry For his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules 4. P. G. de Gennes (French， 1932～ ) 1932, Born in Paris. 1955, majored from the Ecole Normale Sup233。s important because it allows one to make polymers of specific tactivity. It was named for Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who were pioneers in this type of polymerization, though history and a federal court have decided that Robert L. Banks and J. Paul Hogan were the first to discover the process. ZieglerNatta is especially useful, because it can make polymers that can39。s outstanding and original work. ? α烯烴的催化二聚作用 ,合成高級 α烯烴 ? 乙烯經(jīng)烷基鋁催化合成高級伯醇 ? 由烯烴合成萜醇 ? 由烷基鋁經(jīng)電化學(xué)或其他方法合成其他金屬的烷基化合物 ? 利用氫化烷基鋁和三烷基鋁做有機物官能團的還原劑 ? 以三烷基鋁與四氯化鈦為催化劑 (稱為 zieglernatta催化劑 )使乙烯在常溫常壓下聚合成線型聚乙烯 ,這項研究為高分子化學(xué)和配位催化作用開辟了廣闊的研究領(lǐng)域。 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry For his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry. “鏈狀大分子物質(zhì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)” K .Ziegler (German， 1989～ 1973) 2. . 26, born in Helsa in Germany . . 12, died in otto Hahn. 1920, graduated under Prof. von Auwers at the University of Marburg/Lahn. 1936, he became Professor and Director of the Chemisches Institut at the University of Halle/Saale. 19431969, he was Director of the MaxPlanckInstitut fur Kohlenforschung. Organic Chemist His earlier work involved the clarification of rubber synthesis reactions, cyclic carbon pounds used in perfumes and lithium in anic reactions. Ziegler39。Modern History of Polymers 高分子近代史 鄭 強 教 授 Dr. Prof Qiang ZHENG 2022/9 Development of Polymer Science高分子科學(xué)的形成與發(fā)展 What is polymer 其分子量 (molecular weight) 104～ 107 小分子 (small molecule) “點 ” (point) 高分子 (polymer) “一條鏈 ” (chain) “一串珠 ” (bead) Macromolecule Polymer High Polymer 高 分 子 高分子是指其分子主鏈上的原子都直接以價鍵連接，且鏈上的成鍵原子都共享成鍵原子的化合物 價 鍵 bond 缺電子鍵 electrondefect bond 配位