【正文】 下文列出出版物。It provides a set of technical rules for a systematic qualification test of the welder, and enables such qualifications to be uniformly accepted independently of the type of product, location and examiner/examining body.它為焊工的系統(tǒng)資格考核提供了一組技術(shù)規(guī)范，并使這種資格一致適用于產(chǎn)品類型、位置和主考人/主考組織。The principle of this standard is that a qualification test qualifies the welder not only for the conditions used in the test, but also for all joints which are considered easier to weld on the presumption that the welder has received a specific training and/or has industrial practice within the range of qualification.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的原則是，資格考核能證明焊工不僅勝任在測(cè)試中所使用的條件，假定焊工接受到特殊的訓(xùn)練和/或在資格范圍內(nèi)具有工業(yè)實(shí)踐，還能勝任更容易焊接的所有接縫。EN 2871:2004 (E)Introduction介紹The ability of a welder to follow verbal or written instructions and verification of a person39。This Amendment to the European Standard EN 2871:2004 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.最遲于2006年9月通過(guò)出版同文或通過(guò)背書，將本歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EN 2871:2004的修訂版，作為國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用，相抵觸的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最遲于2006年9月撤銷。This document supersedes EN 2871:1992.本文件取代EN 2871:1992.EN 287 consists of the following parts, under the general title Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding:EN 287的總名稱為焊工資格考核—氧炔焊，包括如下部分：－ Part 1: Steels－第1部分：鋼－ Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys－第2部分：鋁和鋁合金Annexes A, B, C and D are informative.附錄A,B,C和D是資料。s qualification test certificate 45附錄A (資料)焊工資格考核證書 45Annex B(informative) Designation examples 47附錄B（資料）名稱舉例 47Annex C(informative) Job knowledge 54附錄C（資料）工作知識(shí) 54Annex D(informative) Variables to be confirmed and traceable for prolongation 59附錄D（資料）需確認(rèn)的變量以及可追蹤延期 59ANNEX ZA(informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC 60附錄ZA（資料）本歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和歐盟指令97/23/EC要求之間的關(guān)系 60Bibliography 61參考書目 61EN 2871:2004 (E)Foreword前言This document (EN 2871:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 121, Welding, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.本文件(EN 2871:2004)由CEN /TC 121“焊接”技術(shù)委員會(huì)制定，其秘書處由DIN執(zhí)行。CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.CEN成員是奧地利、比利時(shí)、塞浦路斯、捷克共和國(guó)、丹麥、愛(ài)沙尼亞、芬蘭、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、希臘、匈牙利、冰島、愛(ài)爾蘭、意大利、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、盧森堡、馬耳他、荷蘭、挪威、波蘭、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亞、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英國(guó)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織。CEN members are bound to ply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.CEN成員有義務(wù)遵守CEN/CENELEC內(nèi)部規(guī)章，該規(guī)章規(guī)定了本歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不作任何變更用作國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條件。若要獲得有關(guān)這些國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的最新列表和參考文獻(xiàn)，可向中央秘書處或任何CEN成員提出申請(qǐng)。EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B1050 Brussels管理中心：rue de Stassart, 36 B1050 Brussels169。This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2004.最遲于2004年9月通過(guò)出版同文或通過(guò)背書，將本歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將作為國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用，相抵觸的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最遲于2004年9月撤銷。This document includes a Bibliography.本文件包括一份參考文獻(xiàn)列表。 This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).本歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按歐洲委員會(huì)和歐洲自由貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)對(duì)CEN的要求，并按歐盟指令的重點(diǎn)要求進(jìn)行制定。s skills are important factors in ensuring the quality of the welded product.焊工按口頭或書面指示進(jìn)行操作的能力，以及焊工技能的驗(yàn)證，是確保焊接產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的重要因素。The qualification test can be used to qualify a welding procedure and a welder provided that all the relevant requirements, . test piece dimensions, are satisfied.假如滿足了所有相關(guān)要求，如，測(cè)試件尺寸，資格考核可用于考核焊程序及焊工。When qualifying welders, the emphasis is placed on the welders ability to manually manipulate the electrode/ welding torch/ welding blowpipe and thereby producing a weld of acceptable quality.在考核焊工時(shí)，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)考核焊工動(dòng)手操作電焊條/焊槍/氣焊吹管，由此制造出質(zhì)量合格的焊縫的能力。對(duì)于標(biāo)有日期的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，任何這些出版物的其后的修訂或修改，只有通過(guò)修訂或修改后，在本歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中結(jié)合，才適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。EN ISO 6947, Welds — Working positions — Definitions of angles of slope and rotation (ISO 6947:1993).EN ISO 6947，焊接—工作位置—傾斜角度和旋轉(zhuǎn)的定義(ISO 6947:1993)。EN ISO 156092:2001, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure specification — Part 2: Gas welding (ISO 156092:2001).EN ISO 156092:2001，金屬材料焊接方法規(guī)范和規(guī)定—焊接方法規(guī)范—第2部分：氣焊(ISO 156092:2001)。 Reference numbers of welding processes 焊接工藝的參考編號(hào)This standard covers the following manual or partly mechanized welding processes (reference numbers of welding processes for symbolic representation are listed in EN ISO 4063):該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涉及如下手動(dòng)或部分機(jī)械焊接工藝（焊接工藝符號(hào)表示的參考編號(hào)于EN ISO 4063列出）：111 manual metal arc welding。125 管芯電焊條的潛弧焊131 metal inert gas welding (MIG welding)。141 鎢極氣體保護(hù)電弧焊（TIG焊接）；15 plasma arc welding。ts thickness of the bend test speciments 彎曲試驗(yàn)樣本的厚度5 Essential variables and range of qualification5 基本變量和資格范圍 General 概述The qualification of welders is based on essential variables. For each essential variable a range of qualification is defined. All test pieces shall be welded using the essential variables independently, except for and . If the welder has to weld outside the range of qualification a new qualification test is required. The essential variables are:焊工的資格以基本變量為基礎(chǔ)。基本變量為：－ welding process,－product type (plate and pipe),－ type of weld (butt and fillet),－ material group,焊接工藝， 產(chǎn)品類型