【正文】
m analysis electron ignition system39。s all systems, caused automobile39。目前,電子技術(shù)的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)深入到汽車的所有系統(tǒng),使汽車的技術(shù)性能、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和舒適性都有了很大提高,而電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用能更好的提高汽車的動(dòng)力性、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性、降低廢氣排放。本文介紹了現(xiàn)代電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、分類、構(gòu)造,系統(tǒng)分析了電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)的常見故障,并結(jié)合實(shí)際分析了典型故障產(chǎn)生的原因,并給出了具體的故障排除方法。s technical performance, the efficiency and fortableness had the very big enhancement, but the electron ignition system39。s mon breakdown, and unified has analyzed the reason which actually the typical breakdown produced, and has given the concrete trouble shooting method. key word: Electron ignition system。(1)高速易斷火(2)斷電觸點(diǎn)易燒蝕(3)對(duì)火花塞積炭敏感(4)起動(dòng)性能差(5)無(wú)線電干擾大 為了保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在各種工況和使用條件下都可靠并適時(shí)點(diǎn)火,點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)必須滿足以下要求。點(diǎn)火信號(hào)發(fā)生器裝在分電器內(nèi),它可根據(jù)各缸的點(diǎn)火時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的點(diǎn)火脈沖信號(hào),控制點(diǎn)火器接通和斷開點(diǎn)火線圈初級(jí)電路的具體時(shí)刻。為了避免機(jī)械觸點(diǎn)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)觸點(diǎn)容易燒蝕損壞的缺點(diǎn),在晶體管技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用后產(chǎn)生了非接觸式傳感器作為控制信號(hào),以大功率三極管為開關(guān)代替機(jī)械觸點(diǎn)的無(wú)觸點(diǎn)電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)。 其中,磁感應(yīng)式無(wú)觸點(diǎn)電子點(diǎn)火裝置由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,性能可靠穩(wěn)定,已在國(guó)外普遍使用;霍爾效應(yīng)式性能優(yōu)于磁感應(yīng)式,在西歐車(如大眾公司的奧迪、桑塔納等)和部分美國(guó)車上應(yīng)用較多;光電式和電磁振蕩式則應(yīng)用相對(duì)較少。 圖1—2電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)工作原理圖信號(hào)發(fā)生器的轉(zhuǎn)子在配氣凸輪的驅(qū)動(dòng)下旋轉(zhuǎn),信號(hào)發(fā)生器內(nèi)部就會(huì)產(chǎn)生信號(hào)電壓,并輸入點(diǎn)火控制器控制大功率三極管導(dǎo)通和截止。但在使用中只將點(diǎn)火線圈到火花塞之間的電路稱為高壓電。不足之處在于這種系統(tǒng)中的點(diǎn)火時(shí)刻仍采用機(jī)械離心提前裝置和真空提前裝置,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工況適應(yīng)性差。點(diǎn)火線圈的這些故障會(huì)造成:,或次級(jí)電壓太低而不能點(diǎn)火。繞組是否搭鐵,則用萬(wàn)能表測(cè)點(diǎn)火線圈接線柱與點(diǎn)火線圈外殼之間的電阻來鑒別。這些故障需通過專用儀器才能準(zhǔn)確判別。② 故障檢查如懷疑高壓配電部分有問題,可先打開分電器蓋,觀察分電器蓋有無(wú)明顯裂紋,碳柱是否太短及有無(wú)彈性。對(duì)于高壓導(dǎo)線的檢查,一是看是否有破損,二是用歐姆表測(cè)導(dǎo)線的電阻值?;鸹ㄈ碾姌O間絕緣性能也可以用歐姆表來檢測(cè)。電極間隙不正常,應(yīng)用專用工具將其調(diào)整到正常值。(2)故障檢查。② 光電式(1)常見故障及影響。如果無(wú)問題,從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上拆下分電器,拆開分電器線路插接器,用導(dǎo)線將插接器倆端的電源插孔連接起來,并將分電器外殼搭鐵,打開點(diǎn)火開關(guān)(不起動(dòng)),然后慢慢轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)分電器軸,從插接器信號(hào)插孔測(cè)信號(hào)電壓。(2)故障檢查。信號(hào)發(fā)生器輸出的信號(hào)電壓在轉(zhuǎn)子葉片插入縫隙時(shí)是高電平,轉(zhuǎn)子葉片離開時(shí)是低電平。② 故障檢查(1)模擬點(diǎn)火信號(hào)檢查法。如果點(diǎn)火開關(guān)和有關(guān)電路都已接通,但仍無(wú)高壓電跳火,則表明點(diǎn)火器有故障應(yīng)更換。電子點(diǎn)火系的故障分析?。?)常見故障:電子點(diǎn)火系的常見故障有不點(diǎn)火、火花弱、點(diǎn)火時(shí)間不當(dāng)和缺火等。(2)故障的診斷與排除方法::檢查點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)線路連接是否正確、可靠;檢查分電器等器件是否完好、安裝是否可靠。c.(2)故障的診斷與排除方法:: 檢查高壓線是否脫落、插錯(cuò);接通點(diǎn)火開關(guān),用外力帶動(dòng)曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),檢查分電器蓋、火花塞是否漏電等。d. 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)定子底板試火花: 斷開點(diǎn)火開關(guān),將分缸線和火花塞裝好,取下分電器,接通點(diǎn)火開關(guān)。點(diǎn)火正時(shí)檢查。必要時(shí),接上轉(zhuǎn)速表和真空表。用同樣的方法可分別測(cè)出不同工況、轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)的點(diǎn)火提前角并記錄;在拆下真空管接頭并堵住(點(diǎn)火提前機(jī)構(gòu)不起作用)的情況下,怠速時(shí)測(cè)出的點(diǎn)火提前角為初始提前角(基本點(diǎn)火正時(shí))。用同樣的方法可分別測(cè)出初始提前角及不同工況、轉(zhuǎn)速、負(fù)荷時(shí)的離心提前角和真空提前角并記錄。調(diào)整點(diǎn)火提前角的基本方法是轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)分電器殼體。用厚薄規(guī)檢查斷電器觸點(diǎn)間隙,~0.45mm。③調(diào)0位。對(duì)準(zhǔn)后初步固定。按點(diǎn)火次序,順分火頭轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向,插上各缸分缸線。第三章 電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)故障診斷與維修實(shí)例(采用無(wú)觸點(diǎn)式點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng))點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)檢查點(diǎn)火信號(hào)發(fā)生器的檢查(1) 用厚薄規(guī)測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子凸齒與傳感線圈鐵芯間的間隙,~(2) 用萬(wàn)用表檢查點(diǎn)火信號(hào)發(fā)生器傳感器線圈的電阻,其電阻值應(yīng)在140Ω~180Ω。然后將干電池的極性顛倒過來,再次測(cè)量點(diǎn)火線圈點(diǎn)火線圈的檢測(cè) ~~15KΩ。點(diǎn)火線圈及點(diǎn)火器故障檢測(cè)(1)點(diǎn)火線圈檢測(cè)。在點(diǎn)火線圈工作正常的條件下,拔下點(diǎn)火器插座,將點(diǎn)火開關(guān)置于“ON”位置,不起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),用萬(wàn)用表測(cè)量插座1端子與3端子間的電壓值,應(yīng)大于11V。 將檢測(cè)燈接到點(diǎn)火器插座2端子與3端子上,起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),若檢測(cè)燈閃爍,則表示ECU的點(diǎn)火輸出控制工作正常。 (4)點(diǎn)火器輸出檢測(cè)。 致 謝在本次論文設(shè)計(jì)過程中,指導(dǎo)老師劉宏飛和劉東亞對(duì)該論文從選題,構(gòu)思到最后定稿的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)給予細(xì)心指引與教導(dǎo),使我得以最終完成畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]《汽車點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)原理與故障檢修實(shí)例》 麻友良 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2010年版;[2]《汽車電氣設(shè)備與檢修》 林妙山 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2009年版;[3]《汽車電氣設(shè)備與維修》 張果珊 高等教育出版社 1996年版;[4]《新編汽車技術(shù)》 孫于凱 中國(guó)電力出版社 2007年版 。s Chuxian to Qijusheji give a Gengwei broad room for freedom. Further expand the automotive functions, the development of the concept car, the car gradually from cold machines into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions, with happy, angry, sad, music and other expressions These concept cars are so high to exceed the production car, as a symbol of a new era. The design concept car automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea, the level of automotive design and technological level of the pany symbol. human physiological needs and psychological needs of the greatest satisfaction Automotive Engineering Ergonomics Ergonomics is the 20th century, developed rapidly in the early 39。s available space, as well as parts, assembly (seats, instrument panel , steering wheel, etc.) location and size of the arrangement of relations. Through the study of human physiological structure, designed to seat fully meet the requirements of human fort. According to the scope of human manipulation and control power to determine the layout of the control unit location and force size, so that when the human manipulation of natural, rapid, accurate, light, to reduce the fatigue manipulation. On human visual properties, view results of research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure the driver can get the correct driver information. Accor