【正文】 d of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced （取代） by a civilian（非軍人）government in 1967． In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking over（接管）． In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a new　government, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years． However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the threeman government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became president． In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom covering the same place． Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a People39。s family．12． What do we know about Mary Cassatt39。s main reason in opposing his daughter39。s family ranked among （躋身于） the best of Philadelphia39。t see why you shouldn39。t an enemy in the world． They39。s purpose in writing this story is ___________． [NMET2000（54）]18． According to the writer of the text , imagining the future will _________．[NMET2000（66）]　　19． The purpose in writing this text is _________．[NMET2000（67）]　　從上述全真試題中，我們可以總結(jié)出，對(duì)于文章或段落的主旨大意設(shè)問的形式一般是： 　　1． The main idea of the passage （text） is _____． 　　2． The text （passage） is mainly about _____． 　　3． What does the passage mainly discuss （deal with）? 　　4． Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?　　5． The main point of the passage is ______．　　6． The best headline for this newspaper article would be _____． 　　7． Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?　　8． What is the topic of the text? 　　9． The main purpose of the story is to tell us _____． 　　10． The conclusion we can get from the story is _____． 　　大家只要記住，看到問題中使用mainly, main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等詞時(shí)，就得仔細(xì)領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的主旨大意了。要領(lǐng)悟文章的主旨大意，這就需要考生具備歸納和概括等方面的能力。第一章　　主　旨　概　括第一課　一、試卷分析與展望 　　閱讀理解中非常重要的一個(gè)技巧就是在閱讀中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。一種是21世紀(jì)報(bào)和21世紀(jì)報(bào)中學(xué)生版，同學(xué)們可依上述五步每周閱讀一份報(bào)紙，一定能開闊視野，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，增加知識(shí)；另一種是有閱讀理解題的文章，他們能檢測(cè)你理解的程度，提高你高考時(shí)做閱讀理解題的分值。要想達(dá)到翻譯上的信達(dá)雅，不加大量閱讀，不按照上述五步的方法加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練，解閱讀理解題的水平很難提高。這說明了認(rèn)識(shí)的詞并不意味著懂句意，更說明了“掠讀”、“跳讀”、“猜”的偏頗。而這些技能的養(yǎng)成不是靠教師課堂上講的，也不是靠日?？陬^說才會(huì)的，主要依靠平日閱讀中細(xì)心理解，出聲朗讀，寫作中使用。第四步是注意一下邊邊角角的知識(shí)，因?yàn)樗兄谀銓?duì)文章的理解，有助于短文寫作中的應(yīng)用。目前中學(xué)生上高中后發(fā)聲朗讀訓(xùn)練的機(jī)會(huì)越來越少，從上邊七項(xiàng)要求自己的機(jī)會(huì)則幾乎沒有，高考中的聽力自然得分不高。到高三的第二學(xué)期才動(dòng)手，也不算晚，那必須把閱讀量加大到每天五篇，這樣才能見成效。具體可參見以前發(fā)過的詞匯擴(kuò)展　　2．閱讀量　　閱讀量是指300余詞的短文，至少要讀1000篇。比如可以采用摘葡萄法、歸納法、聯(lián)想法等。同時(shí)還要會(huì)認(rèn)、會(huì)用派生，包括前綴和后綴。比如近年高考中就出現(xiàn)過的inexpensive， unthinkable， puterize。摘葡萄法就是把相互聯(lián)系的詞串到一起，比如當(dāng)我們學(xué)習(xí)shoulder時(shí)，應(yīng)聯(lián)想到arm， elbow， wrist， fist， hand， palm， finger， thumb， index，finger，middle，finger， ring，finger， little，finger，甚至foe。考慮到高三現(xiàn)狀，讀小說有一定困難，讀短文是個(gè)好辦法。　　3．閱讀質(zhì)量　　閱讀質(zhì)量含五步。因?yàn)槁犃χ械膶?duì)話與朗讀是依照前邊提到的七大要點(diǎn)錄制的。比如2001年高考E篇文章的第七段中有Even when a man is said to be a best friend， the two share little about their innermost feelings． Where as a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage．根據(jù)句意我們知道，where as=however，或but，這種關(guān)聯(lián)詞在文章中常常起到承上啟下的作用。第五步在前面已談到，讀過一篇文章后若能用中文講明白，說明你懂了，若講不明白，則說明質(zhì)量沒過關(guān)。如能按第三步的方式劃一劃，查一查，平日有積累，還愁不能正確理解該句：“難道因?yàn)槟阕「邔咏ㄖ?，又有垃圾道就可以不進(jìn)行分揀和回收了嗎?不用多久就應(yīng)這樣做”。　　綜上所述，提高解閱讀理解題的水平?jīng)Q非一蹴而就，而應(yīng)經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的大量閱讀。簡而言之，要瘋狂，要持久。文章或段落的中心思想猶如一支蠟燭的芯。而這種歸納和概括能力又常常是考試中被考查的重點(diǎn)。　　當(dāng)然，除了上述通用的句型，還可用其它的形式設(shè)問，這就要求我們認(rèn)真理會(huì)題干的意思了。re all dead． Well, sir, said the interviewer, I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday． 　　The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, I can39。t, what he meant was _____ A． You must try to live another year to interview me again next year． B． Of course you can see me again since you39。s social（社交界的）families, such an idea could not even be considered． That was how Mary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist． She did not tremble before her father39。s wish? A． Drawing and painting was simply unthinkable among ladies in those days． B． He did not believe his daughter wanted to work seriously in art． C． He believed an artist39。s marriage （婚姻）? A． Her marriage failed because she never gave a thought to her husband and family． B． She never married because she did not want to be just a wife and mother． C． After marriage she decided to give up her husband rather than her career （事業(yè)）． D． She did not marry because for a lady of her social position to marry below her was unthinkable．13． What do we know about Robert Cassatt39。s Republic based on MarxismLeninism． 　　16． Which of the following maps shows rightly the positions of Benin and its neighbouring countries? （Bn = Benin 。 Na = Nigeria 。 Ma = Maga。t need any sleep was found 　 C． everyone needs some sleep to stay alive 　 D． people can live longer by trying not to sleep2． The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting _____． A． to cure him of his sleeplessness 　 B． to find that his sleeplessness was not really true 　 C． to find out why some old people didn39。t got a bed5． Al Herpin39。請(qǐng)看91年的Passage C: 　Jane Clark, fairhaired, blueeyed and tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world． In seventeen days she drove a dog team and sledge （雪橇） across 1,050 miles of the Arctic Circle 　　　　and through some of the most difficult land in the world． In bitter （刺骨的） winds and snowstorms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached38℃． When Jane was asked how she　　　　　felt about being the first woman ever to win the race she said, I still can39。本篇的終結(jié)句進(jìn)一步呼應(yīng)了主題句。請(qǐng)看98年P(guān)assage A的最后一段：　　　On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin． Everyone was astonished to see him． There was just one problem． Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates． He rolled on and on． 　　　　　Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall． Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces． Nobody forgot Merlin39。二、基本訓(xùn)練　　Americans use more water than any other people in the world． If we continue to use　water at the rate we do now, we will soon not have enough to meet our needs． In 1900, 40 billion gallons（加侖）were used each day in the United States．