【正文】 of Language Learning and Teaching [M]. Langman, 2000.[2] Chomsky, N. Syntactic Structure[M]. TheHague:Mouton,1957.[3] Ellis, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition [M]. OUP,1994.[4] Gass, S. Integrating Research Areas: A Framework for Second Language Studies[J]. Applied Linguisties,1988(9):198217.[5] 程琪龍. 認知語言學概論[M]. 北京：外語教學與研究出版社，2001。s farewell to edy. Antonio is one of Shakespeare’s melancholic characters. Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice is undermining all that passes for ic entertainment. Shakespeare uses Antonio’s sadness as a device to set the tragic tone in the ic atmosphere.Second, a lot of issues that are argued about regarding The Merchant of Venice can be considerably clarified if we know something about the audience it was written for. In the modern, postHolocaust readings of the play, the problem of antiSemitism in the play has been discussed a lot. Given that Antonio decides not to seize Shylock’s goods as punishment, we might consider Antonio to be merciful. But we may also question whether it is merciful to return to Shylock half of his goods, only to take away his religion and his profession. Antonio’s passion seems to stem as much from selfinterest as from concern for his fellow man. Shakespeare thus shows a balance of prejudice on both sides. The question whether Antonio is a homosexual in love with Bassanio can also interpreted differently.5. ConclusionDespite the researches already done and achievements already made on the subject, many frontiers are still waiting to be explored. On the basis of the previous researches by forerunners and adopting new approaches we are to make a deeper and more prehensive understanding of this subject. We don39。s Jew was and remained ic until the late 1700s at which time he was first played as a true villain. In 1814 Shylock’s role was depicted as a character to be pitied, and in 1879 he was first portrayed as a tragic character. Subsequent interpretations have varied greatly over the years, but since World War II he has most often been conceived of as tragic. The Merchant of Venice has been described as a great mentary on the nature of racial and religious interactions. 2. Deficiencies of previous studies on the mystery of Antonio’s sadness in The Merchant of VeniceThe title character, Antonio, begins the play intriguingly: In sooth, I know not why I am so sad。s version of the chestchoosing device revolves around the play39。s problem plays。3．文獻綜述一般應在完成開題報告之前完成。至于大眾傳播媒介如報紙、廣播、通俗雜志中的文章，一些數(shù)據(jù)、事實可以引用，但其中的觀點不能作為論證問題的依據(jù)。7.4．文獻綜述結(jié)果要說清前人工作的不足，襯托出作進一步研究的必要性和理論價值?！熬C”是要求對文獻資料進行綜合分析、歸納整理，使材料更精練明確、更有邏輯層次；“述”就是要求對綜合整理后的文獻進行比較專門的、全面的、深入的、系統(tǒng)的評述。四、本細則經(jīng)外語系學術(shù)委員會審定，自頒布之日起執(zhí)行，由外語系畢業(yè)論文領導小組負責解釋。畢業(yè)論文程序和內(nèi)容應包括文獻綜述、開題報告、畢業(yè)論文任務書、畢業(yè)論文聲明書、畢業(yè)論文、指導記錄、論文評價、答辯記錄等。畢業(yè)論文的參考文獻一般至少列入主要文獻10篇左右。正文主體是對研究工作的詳細表述。每一個關鍵詞之間用分號隔開，最后一個關鍵詞后不用標點符號。論文題目應該簡短、明確、有概括性；字數(shù)要適當，一般不宜超過20個漢字。畢業(yè)論文的文獻綜述：必須用所學外文撰寫，具體規(guī)定和格式見附件1。論文篇幅用A4紙打印，正文字數(shù)要求4000—6000；若是翻譯作品，篇幅應不少于8000字或詞，翻譯作品要求在譯文前用所學外文撰寫800詞以上的評論（內(nèi)容可包括作品的語言特點、人物特征、作者所用的修辭手法等）。二、畢業(yè)論文論文要求畢業(yè)論文是高校應屆畢業(yè)生總結(jié)性的獨立作業(yè)，是學生運用在校學習的基本知識和基礎理論，去分析、解決一兩個實際問題的實踐鍛煉過程，也是學生在校學習期間學習成果的綜合性總結(jié)，是整個教學活動中不可缺少的重要環(huán)節(jié)。4．外漢語言文化對比：包括所學外語與漢語在語音、詞匯、句法、篇章等方面以及由這兩種語言所承載的文化現(xiàn)象進行對比研究。寫作時立意要正確、突出；內(nèi)容要充分，有一定的深度；結(jié)構(gòu)要合乎邏輯；句子要通順，文字、標點符號要規(guī)范。湖北汽車工業(yè)學院外語系本科生畢業(yè)論文撰寫規(guī)范實施細則撰寫畢業(yè)論文是外語專業(yè)本科生綜合運用所學的基礎理論、基礎知識和專業(yè)知識進行科學研究工作初步訓練、培養(yǎng)獨立工作能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。1．外國語言：包括語音、語法、詞匯、語義學、語用學、語言學理論、應用語言學、社會語言學、心理語言學、認知語言學、篇章語言學、修辭學、文體學等。5．翻譯理論與實踐：翻譯理論包括翻譯理論和技巧的探討；翻譯實踐包括英譯漢、漢譯英作品及其賞析、評論。撰寫畢業(yè)論文對于培養(yǎng)學生初步的科學研究能力，提高其綜合運用所學知識分析問題、解決問題能力有著重要意義。論文篇幅達不到上述要求者，畢業(yè)論文成績降一檔。畢業(yè)論文的主要部分：必須包括封面（包括外文封面）、摘要（中外文）、關鍵詞（中外文）、目錄、正文、注釋和參考文獻等七大部分。如有特殊要求，可加注副標題。目錄：應包括參考文獻一項，不計算章節(jié)。結(jié)語是對研究工作的總結(jié)概括。參考文獻應按英文26個字母的順序列全，先列外文文獻后列中文文獻，論文標記為[J]，專著為[M]，論文集為[C]，詞典為[Z]。畢業(yè)論文論文裝訂順序為湖北汽車工業(yè)學院中文封面、 湖北汽車工業(yè)學院外語系外文封面、畢業(yè)論文聲明書、外文摘要、外文關鍵詞、中文摘要、中文關鍵詞、正文、參考文獻、致謝（內(nèi)容可涉及大學四年的學習生活總結(jié)、感謝父母和老師的培養(yǎng)，同學之間的友誼等）。湖北汽車工業(yè)學院外語系 2008年9月18日附件1 . 湖北汽車工業(yè)學院外語系本科生畢業(yè)論文文獻綜述的有關規(guī)定及格式樣本。二、撰寫文獻綜述的基本注意事項1．要圍繞畢業(yè)論文（設計）主題對文獻的各種觀點作比較分析，不要教科書式地將與研究課題有關的理論和學派觀點簡要地匯總陳述一遍。5．所有提到的參考文獻都應和所畢業(yè)論文（設計）研究問題直接相關。三、撰寫文獻綜述的其他事項1．一篇畢業(yè)論文（設計）應完成一篇文獻綜述，字數(shù)不少于1500字。4．文獻綜述撰寫格式參照《湖北汽車工業(yè)學院本科畢業(yè)論文（設計）撰寫規(guī)范》要求執(zhí)行，使用學校統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的封面格式。 it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved.In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare wove together two ancient folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to exact a pound of flesh, the other involving a marriage suitor39。s Christian heroine Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylock39。 / It wearies me (). Much ink has been spilled with conjectures about Antonio39。t mean to suggest that other ways of looking at the play are wrong. In fact, one of the things that is so great about Shakespeare is that there are so many different ways of interpreting his plays that all wo