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lars for this skirt. (pay…for sth. 花/支付……(錢)買……) ② vt. amp。s my business. (指私人的事, 自己處理的事) It39。 be blue in the face 臉上突然變色 程 I was annoyed. 度 I was angry/cross. 加 I was very angry. 深 I am blue in the face. (臉色都青了, 相當(dāng)生氣了) ★attention n. 注意 Attention ,please. 請注意(口語) pay attention 注意 pay attention to … 對……注意 You must pay attention to that girl. pay a little attention 稍加注意 pay much attention 多加注意 pay more attention 更多注意 pay no attention 不用注意 pay close attention 特別注意 ★bear(bore, born) v. 容忍 ① vt. 承受,支撐,承擔(dān),負(fù)擔(dān) Can the ice bear my weight? Who will bear the cost? 誰來承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用? ② vt. 忍受(一般與can/could連用于疑問句及否定句中) She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。s my private letter. (如果媽媽想看你的信) It39。s my private house. (如果陌生人想進(jìn)你的房子) ② adj. 普通的 private citizen 普通公民 I’m a private citizen. (citizen n. 公民) private soldier 大兵 《Private Ryan》(《拯救大兵瑞恩》)public adj. 公眾的,公開的(private的反義詞) public school 公立學(xué)校 public letter 公開信 public place 公共場所 privacy It’s privacy. 這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的) ★conversation have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名詞變動(dòng)詞 conversation 一般用于正式文體中, 內(nèi)容上往往不正式 subject of conversation 話題 They are having a conversation. talk 內(nèi)容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Let’s have a talk. dialogue 對話, 可以指正式國家與國家會(huì)談 China and Korea are having a dialogue. chat 閑聊,就是北京人說的“侃”,說的是無關(guān)緊要的事。我看著受不了。s none of your business. 不關(guān)你的事。vi. 給予(注意等);去(訪問) They did not pay any attention. We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。s 表示去這個(gè)人開的店 go to the doctor39。 I did not enjoy it. enjoy vt. 欣賞,享受,喜愛 ① enjoy +n. 喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受(后面不能跟人) I enjoy the music. enjoy the dinner/film/program/game ② enjoy oneself/代詞 玩的開心 We always enjoy ourselves. ③ enjoy +動(dòng)名詞 Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre. I got very angry. get 在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義,接近 bee,是個(gè)表示過程的動(dòng)詞,表示狀態(tài)的變化。t hear you./I couldn39。t catch your words. Beg your pardon? /I couldn39。t, 它的/t/是吞進(jìn)去的, 在讀音上很難區(qū)別, 只能根據(jù)上下文來定 hear a word of sb. (a word 等于一句話) He didn39。s my business. 不關(guān)你的事。 none of 這個(gè)短語有時(shí)可以表達(dá)一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣,尤其是在祈使句中: None of your silly remarks! 別說傻話了! 【Key structures】 簡單陳述句的語序 陳述句一定是有主語,有動(dòng)詞,有賓語,有句號 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When? Which? Which? What? What? 1 主語,一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成,通常位于動(dòng)詞之前,動(dòng)詞必須與主語一致,即主語決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 2 謂語,由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng) 3 賓語,一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語 4 副詞或介詞短語,對方式或狀態(tài)提問,往往做狀語 I like her very much 5 地點(diǎn)狀語,一般在方式副詞之后,時(shí)間副詞之前 6 時(shí)間狀語,可以放在句首或句末 簡單陳述句一定不能少的是主語, 謂語. 如果問何時(shí)何地,是一個(gè)固定搭配 when and where ★L(fēng)esson 2 Breakfast or lunch? ★until until用于表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù),可譯為“一直到……為止”或“在……以前”。t die until he came back. 直到他回來,他爸爸才死. until(后的從句)的時(shí)間終止之前,這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了還是沒做?做了前面的主句用肯定;沒做前面的主句用否定 For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didn39。t get up until 12 o39。 介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語中:on Monday,on Monday morning,on that day 當(dāng)使用last,next,this,that 時(shí),介詞(以及定冠詞)必須省略: I’ll see you next/this Friday. never 從來不 (可以直接用在動(dòng)詞前面)=助動(dòng)詞+not (變成否定句,前面一定要加助動(dòng)詞) I don39。m ing to see you. 我將要來看你. 用 e 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) be ing 表示一般將來,表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副 詞often,always,sometimes,never,frequently,rarely,ever等連用。 I get paid on Friday usually. Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath. 非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 : ① 系動(dòng)詞(be) ② 幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has) ③ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must, can, may) 除此之外都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞. I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容詞作狀語) He went to school . You must e here . 【Special Difficulties】 以what開頭的感嘆句: 在英語中可用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情,在感嘆中主謂語采用正常語序。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音 name card /visiting card 名片 Here is my name card. (口語常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作) ID card 身份證 (ID 身份) credit card 信用卡 cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲(chǔ)蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種) ★spoil(spoiled,spoilt) v. 使索然無味, 損壞 ① vt. 弄壞,損壞,糟蹋 The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。 生活中不順心的事。 The museum is open to the public on Sunday. ★friendly adj. 友好的 咯friendly是形容詞,單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語;作為狀語表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way He is not very friendly to John. She gave me a friendly greeting. He always greets me in a friendly way. 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely,brotherly,fatherly,manly,motherly ★waiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員 waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里 chief waiter 領(lǐng)班 I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見你們的領(lǐng)班。ll I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語連和時(shí),意思為“花(時(shí)間)”、“ 度 過 ”spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過了多少時(shí)間 I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother39。間接賓語大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語之前,如果間接賓語在后,間接賓主前必須加“to”(表示動(dòng)作對什么人做)或“for”(表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做)。t accept it. take則是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取” I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到 take the exam 接受考試; take advice 接受建議 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 pany n. 公司 ★different adj. 不同的 ① adj. 不同的,相異的(經(jīng)常與 from連用) We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。同位語與它所補(bǔ)充說明的成分之間用逗號隔開。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。m finding... . . We’re finding... ... 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí):believe,doubt,see,hear,know,understand,belong,think,consider,feel,look,seem,show,mind,have,sound,taste,require,possess,care,like,hate,love,detest,desire 【Key structures】 現(xiàn)在完成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果,或者過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。s not my pigeon. =None of my business. 不關(guān)我的事。 She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里請求幫助。s (all)right./That39。在表示剛剛或者已經(jīng)完成一個(gè)動(dòng)作并且對現(xiàn)在有影響時(shí),則要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),時(shí)間狀語可以是不特指的 now,just或者for 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間,或者不加任何時(shí)間狀語。s own way 隨心所欲 (at one’s pleasure) Children get their own way during the holidays. 關(guān)于系動(dòng)詞 : 一般來說, 如 be bee 一定不單獨(dú)使用, 往往要在后面加上表語, 我們稱它為系動(dòng)詞. 但另外還有一些系動(dòng)詞同時(shí)又是不及物的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 常見的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 這些詞有的語法書上稱為半聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞. ★L(fēng)