【正文】 ion n. 信息（不可數(shù)） messenger n. 送信人，信使 ★cover v. 越過(guò)；覆蓋 ① vt. 蓋，覆蓋 Snow covered the whole village. She covered the child with a coat. 她給孩子蓋了件外衣。s not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不關(guān)我的事。 I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning. I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可和表示頻度的副詞連用，表示反復(fù)和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，如 often（經(jīng)常），frequently（屢次），three times（三次）等。m finding... . . We’re finding... ... 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire 【Key structures】 現(xiàn)在完成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。a great number of 類(lèi)似于, 約等于a lot of； A large/great number of our students are Danish. There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞 I have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone to 去了某地沒(méi)回來(lái) has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地, 現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方 Have you been to Paris? From there, he will fly to Perth. from there:從那地方起 from 即可以加時(shí)間又可以加地點(diǎn) from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth = go to Perth by air My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting. before在句子后是副詞, 譯為“在此之前”，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志 find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“ 發(fā) 覺(jué) ” 講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（一般為形容詞），說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)。 This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 He has visited many different places in China. 他去過(guò)中國(guó)的不少地方。t accept it. take則是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取” I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到 take the exam 接受考試； take advice 接受建議 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 pany n. 公司 ★different adj. 不同的 ① adj. 不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與 from連用） We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、 “為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to 與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife. 與for 相連的 buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you . make a cake for you find sth. for sb. do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙 Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個(gè)忙 I do something for you. Can I order something for you? Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思 ★L(fēng)esson 4 An exciting trip ★exciting adj. 令人興奮的 exciting adj. 令人興奮的；excited adj. 興奮的 ed: 自己感到 / ing:令人感到 The news exciting. exciting boy 令人興奮的男孩 I am excited. excite v. 激動(dòng) （這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)一定是人，讓后面的人感到……） The news excited me. interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的 interesting man The man is interesting. interest v. 對(duì)……感興趣 The book interests me. 那本書(shū)讓我感到很有趣 ★receive v. 接受, 收到 ① vt. 接到，收到，得到 When did you receive that letter? ② vt. 招待，接待 You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. receive 是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與否不清楚。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。ll I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“ 度 過(guò) ”spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間 I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother39。 The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問(wèn)他一些問(wèn)題。 The museum is open to the public on Sunday. ★friendly adj. 友好的 咯friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語(yǔ)；作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly way He is not very friendly to John. She gave me a friendly greeting. He always greets me in a friendly way. 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly ★waiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員 waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里 chief waiter 領(lǐng)班 I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見(jiàn)你們的領(lǐng)班。 break the windows 打破玻璃 damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重 destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀 以上三個(gè)是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的 ★museum n. 博物館 Palace Museum 故宮 ★public adj. 公共的 ① adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的 There is a public library in this town. I always sit in public gardens on Sundays. ② adj. 公開(kāi)的，眾人皆知的 Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開(kāi)。 生活中不順心的事。 This spoiled my day. What you said spoiled me. His arrival spoiled my holiday. ② vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛(ài) Don’t spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音 name card /visiting card 名片 Here is my name card. (口語(yǔ)常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作) ID card 身份證 （ID 身份） credit card 信用卡 cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲(chǔ)蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種) ★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無(wú)味, 損壞 ① vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋 The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒(méi)能過(guò)好周末。一般省略形容詞表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思。
I get paid on Friday usually. Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath. 非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 : ① 系動(dòng)詞(be) ② 幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has) ③ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must, can, may) 除此之外都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞. I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容詞作狀語(yǔ)） He went to school . You must e here . 【Special Difficulties】 以what開(kāi)頭的感嘆句： 在英語(yǔ)中可用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來(lái)表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感嘆中主謂語(yǔ)采用正常語(yǔ)序。在否定句中not必須放在always 之前，而且也出現(xiàn)在 generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必須出現(xiàn)在sometimes和 frequently之后。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副 詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now，just，still等副詞連用： I am working as a teacher. 現(xiàn)階段 He is still sleeping. （現(xiàn)在還在睡覺(jué)） Jane is just dressing up. 簡(jiǎn)正在打扮。m ing to see you. 我將要來(lái)看你. 用 e 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) be ing 表示一般將來(lái)，表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 就在那時(shí) 如果不知道對(duì)方性別, 他/她可以用it取代 Who are you?/Who is it ? I39。 介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day 當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that 時(shí)，介詞（以及定冠詞）必須省略： I’ll see you next/this Friday. never 從來(lái)不 (可以直接用在動(dòng)詞前面)=助動(dòng)詞+not (變成否定句,前面一定要加助動(dòng)詞) I don39。ll ring you. ③ n. （打）電話 give sb. a ring Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. ④ n. 戒指 ★aunt n. 姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長(zhǎng)一輩的女性都用這個(gè)稱(chēng)呼) 男性則是uncle: 叔叔 他們的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女) cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥