【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ） He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet. ★decision n. 決定 make /take a decision作出決定 It was not easy for me to make/take this decision. Are you made/taken a decision? make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大) decide v. 決定 ★whole adj. 整個(gè)的 a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶 the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期 all th…，all the day (the可省略) 整天 all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the all of us；all of the students ★single adj. 唯一的, 單一的 反義詞 : double 雙倍的 【課文講解】 Last summer, I went to Italy. last： ① adj. 上一個(gè) last summer里的last表示 “上一個(gè)” ② adj. 最后一個(gè)，表示“最后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞the the last day 最后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on） A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Italian于Italy : 注意重讀音的位置不同 teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事 He teaches our English.(錯(cuò)) He teaches us English.(對(duì)) 語(yǔ)言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English. a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有 some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)）的意思。 The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問(wèn)他一些問(wèn)題。 Everyday I thought about postcards. think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到 What do you think of? What do you think of TV program last night? What do you think of the weather today? 你覺(jué)得天氣怎么樣? think over 仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考 What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze I39。ll I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“ 度 過(guò) ”spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間 I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother39。s. I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞) spend還可以表示“花錢(qián)” If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car. 【Key structures】 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。 Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter. 【Special Difficulties】 直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ) 雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，通常是人)。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。give sb. sth./give sth to sb 間接賓語(yǔ)在后面時(shí), 其前必須加to(對(duì)……而言)或 for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、 “為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to 與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife. 與for 相連的 buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you . make a cake for you find sth. for sb. do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙 Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個(gè)忙 I do something for you. Can I order something for you? Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思 ★L(fēng)esson 4 An exciting trip ★exciting adj. 令人興奮的 exciting adj. 令人興奮的；excited adj. 興奮的 ed: 自己感到 / ing:令人感到 The news exciting. exciting boy 令人興奮的男孩 I am excited. excite v. 激動(dòng) （這類動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)一定是人，讓后面的人感到……） The news excited me. interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的 interesting man The man is interesting. interest v. 對(duì)……感興趣 The book interests me. 那本書(shū)讓我感到很有趣 ★receive v. 接受, 收到 ① vt. 接到，收到，得到 When did you receive that letter? ② vt. 招待，接待 You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. receive 是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與否不清楚。 receive/have a letter from sb. accept 同意接收 This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn39。t accept it. take則是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取” I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到 take the exam 接受考試； take advice 接受建議 ★firm n. 商行, 公司 pany n. 公司 ★different adj. 不同的 ① adj. 不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與 from連用） We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。 My room is different from yours. ② adj. 各種各樣的，不同的 This department store sells a large number of different things. 這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 He has visited many different places in China. 他去過(guò)中國(guó)的不少地方。 ★abroad adv. 在國(guó)外（副詞, 直接和動(dòng)詞連用） go abroad 去國(guó)外 live abroad 國(guó)外定居 study abroad 國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí) 【課文講解】 I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 同位語(yǔ)：一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)）并列而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)。 He has been there for six months. one month；two months 注意讀音 I have arrived in Beijing. （arrive 是瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和段時(shí)間連用） has been + in 地點(diǎn) He has been in Beijing for one year. He has been in America for tow years. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. work for 在……上班/任職，強(qiáng)調(diào)work I am working for a school. work in 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)（在哪個(gè)地方上班） I am working in the New Oriental school. work at 上班 She works at a department store. a number of后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；通常 number前有g(shù)reat，large，good，small，certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變。a great number of 類似于, 約等于a lot of； A large/great number of our students are Danish. There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework. a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞 I have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone to 去了某地沒(méi)回來(lái) has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地, 現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方 Have you been to Paris? From there, he will fly to Perth. from there:從那地方起 from 即可以加時(shí)間又可以加地點(diǎn) from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth = go to Perth by air My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting. before在句子后是副詞, 譯為“在此之前”，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志 find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“ 發(fā) 覺(jué) ” 講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（一般為形容詞），說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等。 find +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ) find the room clean find her happy be finding在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常使用 I39。m finding... . . We’re finding... ... 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire 【