【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 . was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be 四、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)是由shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的。 . Don39。t phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We39。ll be having classes then.二、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 ①將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 : 表示在將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用例如：I39。ll be taking my holiday soon. 我不久就去度假了。 ②將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊用法 A. 表示原因、結(jié)果或猜測。 例如：Please e tomorrow afternoon, Tomorrow morning I39。ll be having a meeting.請(qǐng)你明天下午來吧。我明天上午有個(gè)會(huì)。 (表原因)Stop the child or he will be falling over. 抓住那個(gè)孩子，要不他會(huì)掉下去的。 (表結(jié)果)You will be making a mistake. 你會(huì)出錯(cuò)的。(表推測) B. 用在問句中，表示委婉禮貌。 When shall we be meeting again?我們什么時(shí)候再見面？ C. 表示稍后一點(diǎn)兒的安排。The students are studying Unit 3 this week, and next week they39。ll be studying Unit 4.這周學(xué)生們學(xué)第三單元，下周他們將學(xué)第四單元。 【注意】在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Be careful when you are crossing the street. 過馬路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。Exercise將來進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)1. What____ you_____this time tomorrow? A will…do B will…h(huán)ave done C will…be done D will…be doing2. The street lights____on when night falls.A will have gone B will have been going C will be going D will be gone3. Joe____the piano in a few minutes.A shall be played B will have been playing C shall be playing D will have played4. I ____ my grandmother at three this afternoon.A shall be visiting B shall have visited C shall be visiting D will visit5. “Can you attend the party tonight?”“No,_____ the boss about something urgent.”A I see BI shall have seen C I’ll be seeing D I can see【將來進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的比較】兩者都表示將來的行為，但在用法上有所區(qū)別：(1) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；而一般將來時(shí)表示將來某時(shí)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：She won’t be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow. 明天8點(diǎn)她不在辦公室開會(huì)。What will you do at five tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午五點(diǎn)你將干什么？(2) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示說話人設(shè)想已經(jīng)安排好的事；而一般將來時(shí)表示臨時(shí)決定。如：We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我們要去海邊度假。－Did you tell Julia about the result? 你告訴朱莉婭結(jié)果了嗎？－Oh, no. I will call her now. 噢，沒有。我現(xiàn)在就告訴她。(3) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)不表示個(gè)人意愿。如：They will be meeting us at the station. 他們會(huì)在車站接我們的。(4) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)比一般將來時(shí)在語氣上要委婉客氣。如：When will you finish these letters? 你什么時(shí)候會(huì)處理完這些信件？When shall I be expecting you this evening? 今天晚上我?guī)c(diǎn)等你？五、過去完成時(shí)一、過去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 概念：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去（ pastinthepast ）”。| ||那時(shí)以前　 那時(shí)　 現(xiàn)在　　　　　　 構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 had + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。 　. They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 　二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o39。clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語從句中 　　當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如： 　　She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語從句中 　　在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如： 　　When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　　注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如： 　　Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示原本…，未能…We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。t.　　3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn39。t seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時(shí)的主要用法　 1. 過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”） 　　2. 過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如： 　　He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 ) 　　3. 過去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如： 　　Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　　Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 　　4. 過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： 　　By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）四、易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。 — I39。m sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） — John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。 — Where had he been? 他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“過去的過去”） 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）. 時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過 去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較： 　　They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 　　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 　　2）. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。如： 　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the position petition. 　　3）. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。如： 　　He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.例題解析：1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four yea