【正文】 , 也是導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)游服務(wù)質(zhì)量下降的最直接原因。到了八十年代末期，國(guó)家為了適應(yīng)旅游業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展對(duì)導(dǎo)游員人的需求增加，采取了導(dǎo)游人員資格考試制度，以吸引高校學(xué)生為主的更廣泛的社會(huì)人員投身旅游事業(yè)，也打破了導(dǎo)游隊(duì)伍的“門檻限制”。同時(shí)，我國(guó)導(dǎo)游隊(duì)伍呈現(xiàn)年輕化、平均學(xué)歷偏低的狀況，當(dāng)前我國(guó)導(dǎo)游隊(duì)伍中，初級(jí)導(dǎo)游占 97%，高級(jí)導(dǎo)游和專家型導(dǎo)游人數(shù)極少，與海內(nèi)外游客市場(chǎng)對(duì)導(dǎo)游的知識(shí)和閱歷較高要求明顯不相適應(yīng)。由于購(gòu)買商品為旅游地紀(jì)念產(chǎn)品，沒有價(jià)格的可比性，很少有客人去探討其真實(shí)價(jià)格，很容易購(gòu)買到“價(jià)高質(zhì)劣”產(chǎn)品引起旅游投訴，對(duì)旅游地的形象產(chǎn)生不好的影響，從而影響旅游地的口碑和形象。 對(duì)導(dǎo)游人員自身的形象影 響 導(dǎo)游素有“民間大使”的別稱，有的國(guó)家甚至稱導(dǎo)游是祖國(guó)的一面鏡子，是一國(guó)一地的形象代表。導(dǎo)游變成導(dǎo)購(gòu)，是對(duì)導(dǎo)游形象的極大損害。旅游者投訴的壓力使他們只好采用較為隱蔽的方法把損失轉(zhuǎn)嫁給游客，如 :向?qū)в伟绰糜螆F(tuán)人數(shù)收取人頭費(fèi)；減少停車費(fèi)過高速路費(fèi)的報(bào)銷金額；從購(gòu)物點(diǎn)索取按人頭計(jì)算的聯(lián)營(yíng)費(fèi)；取消或壓低導(dǎo)游的工資等。 改變現(xiàn)行導(dǎo)游薪酬制度非常迫切，新制度應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)游薪酬與游客計(jì)劃外消費(fèi)回扣的完全脫鉤，并盡可能體現(xiàn)導(dǎo)游的工作量與工作質(zhì)量。一次旅程的成功與否，在很大程度上取決于隨團(tuán)導(dǎo)游的服務(wù)水平和努力 程度；而導(dǎo)游人員的服務(wù)水平和努力程度又在很大程度上取決于他們所得到的報(bào)酬和待遇。導(dǎo)游員是民間大使，工作特點(diǎn)是高腦力和高體力結(jié)合的獨(dú)立運(yùn)作，一名合格的導(dǎo)游，以專業(yè)知識(shí)、社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、應(yīng)變能力、戶外的辛苦和超時(shí)的付出給游客帶來愉快、方便和時(shí)間的節(jié)約，從職業(yè)特點(diǎn)和從業(yè)資格來看導(dǎo)游員不應(yīng)該成為社會(huì)低收入者?？梢詫?shí)行如下方式：實(shí)行底薪等級(jí)制度。 目前旅游市場(chǎng) 上享受傭金分配利益的主體太多、傭金的給付比例過高，造成購(gòu)物商店的商品和 服務(wù)價(jià)格太高，嚴(yán)重影響了旅游者的利益和旅游體驗(yàn)。 加強(qiáng)對(duì)旅行 社的管理 遏制旅行社的惡性削價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 高額的購(gòu)物回扣使旅行社能從中賺回其超低成本接團(tuán)所附出動(dòng)代價(jià)。使旅行社由低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)向質(zhì)量 和人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這導(dǎo)致了導(dǎo)游隊(duì)伍出現(xiàn)斷層，特別是中高級(jí) 導(dǎo)游人才儲(chǔ)備嚴(yán)重不足。s Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2021. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horsedrawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2021. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as AlmaAta, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to plete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2021. Then they will e back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54yearold was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 39。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly petent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the monalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has bee－ how shall I put it?－ a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emerson39。 he wondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed his penning and publishing this essay caused his exmunication from high socie