【正文】 至；三十里而爭利，則三分之二至。故其疾如風，其徐如林，侵掠如火，不動如山，難知如陰，動如雷震?！狈蚪鸸撵浩煺撸砸幻裰恳?。是故朝氣銳，晝氣惰，暮氣歸。無邀正正之旗，無擊堂堂之陳，此治變者也。故將通于九變之利者，知用兵矣；將不通九變之利，雖知地形，不能得地之利矣；治兵不知九變之術(shù)，雖知五利，不能得人之用矣。故將有五危，必死可殺，必生可虜，忿速可侮，廉潔 可辱，愛民可煩。絕水必遠水，客絕水而來，勿迎之于水內(nèi)，令半渡而擊之利，欲戰(zhàn)者，無附于水而迎客，視生處高，無迎水流，此處水上之軍也。凡軍好高而惡下，貴陽而賤陰，養(yǎng)生而處實，軍無百疾，是謂必勝。吾遠之，敵近之；吾迎之，敵背之。兵非貴益多也，惟無武進，足以并力料敵取人而已。故合之以文，齊之以武 ，是謂必取。 ②：［垂瓦］。通形者，先居高陽，利糧道，以戰(zhàn)則利。支形者，敵雖利我，我無出也，引而去之，令敵半出而擊之利。遠形者，勢均難以挑戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)而不利。夫勢均，以一擊十，曰走；卒強吏弱，曰馳；吏強卒弱，曰陷；大吏怒而不服，遇敵懟而自戰(zhàn)，將不知其能，曰崩；將弱不嚴，教道不明，吏卒無常，陳兵縱橫，曰亂；將不能料敵，以少合眾，以弱擊強，兵無選鋒，曰北。知此而用戰(zhàn)者必勝，不知此而用戰(zhàn)者必敗。厚而不能使，愛而不能令，亂而不能治，譬若驕子，不可用也。 九 地第十一 孫子曰：用兵之法，有散地，有輕地，有爭地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有泛地，有圍地，有死地。合于利而動，不合于利而止。凡為客之道，深入則專。死焉不得，士人盡力。 令發(fā)之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃臥者涕交頤，投之無所往，諸、劌之勇也。敢問兵可使如率然乎？曰可。將軍之事，靜以幽，正以治，能愚士卒之耳目，使之無知；易其事，革其謀，使人無識；易其居，迂其途，使民不得慮。九地之變，屈伸之力，人情之理，不可不察也。故兵之情：圍則御，不得已則斗，過則從。是故不爭天下之交，不養(yǎng)天下之權(quán)，信己之私，威加于敵，則其城可拔，其國可隳。投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生。敵人開闔，必亟入之，先其所愛，微與之期，踐墨隨敵，以決戰(zhàn)事。發(fā)火有時，起火有日。凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之：火發(fā)于內(nèi)，則早應之于外；火發(fā)而其兵靜者，待而勿攻，極其火力，可從而從之，不可從則上。水可以絕，不可以奪。合于利而動，不合于利而上。 用間第十三 孫子曰： 凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內(nèi)外騷動，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十萬家。故用間有五：有因間，有內(nèi)間，有反間，有死間，有生間。微哉微哉！無所不用間也。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在于反間，故反間不可不厚也。 I. LAYING PLANS 1. Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. 2. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. 3. The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one39。 (4) The Commander。 the chances of life and death. 9. The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness. 10. By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure. 11. These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious。 when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away。s substance to be drained away. 12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. 13,14. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and threetenths of their ine will be dissipated。s own store. 16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger。s country whole and intact。s plans。s army in the field。 he captures their cities without laying siege to them。 if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two. 9. If equally matched, we can offer battle。 the State will be strong。 attacking, a superabundance of strength. 7. The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the earth。 to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear. 11. What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning with ease. 12. Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage. 13. He wins his battles by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated. 14. Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible, and does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy. 15. Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory. 16. The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, and strictly adheres to method and discipline。 fourthly, Balancing of chances。 Balancing of chances to Calculation。 like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew。 amid confusion and chaos, your array may be without head or tail, yet it will be proof against defeat. 17. Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline, simulated fear postulates courage。 then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him. 21. The clever batant looks to the effect of bined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize bined energy. 22. When he utilizes bined energy, his fighting men bee as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when on a slope。 or, by inflicting damage, he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near. 4. If the enemy is taking his ease, he can harass him。 and he is skillful in defense whose opponent does not know what to attack. 9. O divine art of subtlety and secrecy! Through you we learn to be invisible, through you inaudible。 you may retire and be safe from pursuit if your movements are more rapid than those of the enemy. 11. If we wish to fight, the enemy can be forced to an engagement even though he be sheltered behind a high rampart and a deep ditch. All we need do is attack some other place that he will be obliged to relieve. 12. If we do not wish to fight, we can prevent the enemy from engaging us even though the lines of our encampment be merely traced out on the ground. All we need do is to throw something odd and unaccountable in his way. 13. By discovering the enemy39。 for then the enemy will have to prepare agains。s must be divided. 14. We can form a single united body, while the enemy must split up into fractions. Hence there will be a whole pitted against separate parts of a whole, which means that we shall be many to the enemy39。s fate in our hands. 10. You may advance and be absolutely irresistible, if you make for the enemy39。 if quietly encamped, he can force him to move. 5. Appear at points which the enemy must hasten to def